Institution: University of Montana
Department: Division of Biological Sciences
32 Campus Drive #4824
Missoula, MT 59812-4824
Department: Division of Biological Sciences
32 Campus Drive #4824
Missoula, MT 59812-4824
Hubbard Brook Role: Investigator
Hubbard Brook Publications by this Author
4549695
lowe
1
apa
50
date
desc
422
https://hubbardbrook.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%229WWSP53I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cochrane%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECochrane%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Addis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Swartz%2C%20L.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282024%29.%20Individual%20growth%20rates%20and%20size%20at%20metamorphosis%20increase%20with%20watershed%20area%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E105%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20e4217.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.4217%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.4217%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Individual%20growth%20rates%20and%20size%20at%20metamorphosis%20increase%20with%20watershed%20area%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madaline%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochrane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swartz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20fundamental%20goal%20of%20ecology%20is%20to%20understand%20how%20the%20physical%20environment%20influences%20intraspecific%20variability%20in%20life%20history%20and%2C%20consequently%2C%20fitness.%20In%20streams%2C%20discharge%20and%20associated%20habitat%20conditions%20change%20along%20a%20continuum%20from%20intermittency%20to%20permanence%3A%20Headwater%20streams%20typically%20have%20smaller%20watersheds%20and%20are%20thus%20more%20prone%20to%20drying%20than%20higher-order%20streams%20with%20larger%20watersheds%20and%20more%20consistent%20discharge.%20However%2C%20few%20empirical%20studies%20have%20assessed%20life%20history%20and%20associated%20population%20responses%20to%20this%20continuum%20in%20aquatic%20organisms.%20We%20tested%20the%20prediction%20that%20individual%20growth%2C%20rate%20of%20development%2C%20and%20population%20growth%20increase%20with%20watershed%20area%20in%20the%20long-lived%20stream%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%2C%20where%20we%20use%20watershed%20area%20as%20a%20proxy%20for%20hydrologic%20intermittence.%20To%20address%20this%20hypothesis%2C%20we%20used%208%5Cu2009years%20of%20mark-recapture%20data%20from%2053%20reaches%20across%2010%20headwater%20streams%20in%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA.%20Individual%20growth%20rates%20and%20mean%20size%20at%20metamorphosis%20increased%20with%20watershed%20area%20for%20watersheds%20from%200.12%20to%201.66%5Cu2009km2%20.%20Population%20growth%20rates%20increased%20with%20watershed%20area%3B%20however%2C%20this%20result%20was%20not%20statistically%20significant%20at%20our%20sample%20size.%20Mean%20age%20of%20metamorphosis%20did%20not%20vary%20across%20watershed%20areas.%20Lower%20individual%20growth%20rates%20and%20smaller%20sizes%20at%20metamorphosis%20likely%20contributed%20to%20reduced%20lifetime%20fecundity%20and%20population%20growth%20in%20reaches%20with%20the%20smallest%20watershed%20areas%20and%20highest%20vulnerability%20to%20drought.%20These%20responses%20suggest%20that%20as%20droughts%20increase%20due%20to%20climate%20change%2C%20headwater%20specialists%20in%20hydrologically%20intermittent%20environments%20will%20experience%20a%20reduction%20in%20fitness%20due%20to%20smaller%20body%20sizes%20or%20other%20growth-related%20mechanisms.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecy.4217%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221939-9170%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-12T14%3A14%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226NXY3WBU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Addis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Cochrane%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Swartz%2C%20L.%20K.%20%282023%29.%20Source%26%23x2013%3Bsink%20dynamics%20within%20a%20complex%20life%20history.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E104%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e3991.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.3991%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.3991%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Source%5Cu2013sink%20dynamics%20within%20a%20complex%20life%20history%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madaline%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochrane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swartz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Source%5Cu2013sink%20patch%20dynamics%20occur%20when%20movement%20from%20sources%20stabilizes%20sinks%20by%20compensating%20for%20low%20local%20vital%20rates.%20The%20mechanisms%20underlying%20source%5Cu2013sink%20dynamics%20may%20be%20complicated%20in%20species%20that%20undergo%20transitions%20between%20discrete%20life%20stages%2C%20particularly%20when%20stages%20have%20overlapping%20habitat%20requirements%20and%20similar%20movement%20abilities.%20In%20these%20species%2C%20for%20example%2C%20the%20demographic%20effects%20of%20movement%20by%20one%20stage%20may%20augment%20or%20offset%20the%20effects%20of%20movement%20by%20another%20stage.%20We%20used%20a%20stream%20salamander%20system%20to%20investigate%20patch%20dynamics%20within%20this%20form%20of%20complex%20life%20history.%20Specifically%2C%20we%20tested%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20the%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%20experiences%20source%5Cu2013sink%20dynamics%20in%20riffles%20and%20pools%2C%20the%20dominant%20geomorphic%20patch%20types%20in%20headwater%20streams.%20We%20estimated%20stage-specific%20survival%20probabilities%20in%20riffles%20and%20pools%20and%20stage-specific%20movement%20probabilities%20between%20the%20two%20patch%20types%20using%208%20years%20of%20capture%5Cu2013recapture%20data%20on%204491%20individuals%2C%20including%20premetamorphic%20larvae%20and%20postmetamorphic%20adults.%20We%20then%20incorporated%20survival%20and%20movement%20probabilities%20into%20a%20stage-structured%2C%20two-patch%20model%20to%20determine%20the%20demographic%20interactions%20between%20riffles%20and%20pools.%20Monthly%20survival%20probabilities%20of%20both%20stages%20were%20higher%20in%20pools%20than%20in%20riffles.%20Larvae%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20move%20from%20riffles%20to%20pools%2C%20but%20adults%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20move%20from%20pools%20to%20riffles%2C%20despite%20experiencing%20much%20lower%20survival%20in%20riffles.%20In%20simulations%2C%20eliminating%20interpatch%20movements%20by%20both%20stages%20indicated%20that%20riffles%20are%20sinks%20that%20rely%20on%20immigration%20from%20pools%20for%20stability.%20Allowing%20only%20larvae%20to%20move%20stabilized%20both%20patch%20types%2C%20but%20allowing%20only%20adults%20to%20move%20destabilized%20pools%20due%20to%20the%20demographic%20cost%20of%20adult%20emigration.%20These%20results%20indicated%20that%20larval%20movement%20not%20only%20stabilizes%20riffles%2C%20but%20also%20offsets%20the%20destabilizing%20effects%20of%20maladaptive%20adult%20movement.%20Similar%20patch%20dynamics%20may%20emerge%20in%20any%20structured%20population%20in%20which%20movement%20and%20local%20vital%20rates%20differ%20by%20age%2C%20size%2C%20or%20stage.%20Addressing%20these%20forms%20of%20internal%20demographic%20structure%20in%20patch%20dynamics%20analyses%20will%20help%20to%20refine%20and%20advance%20general%20understanding%20of%20spatial%20ecology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecy.3991%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221939-9170%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.3991%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-10T15%3A15%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K2LBLN9U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Addis%20and%20Lowe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-07-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAddis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282022%29.%20Environmentally%20associated%20variation%20in%20dispersal%20distance%20affects%20inbreeding%20risk%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20American%20Naturalist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F721763%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F721763%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Environmentally%20associated%20variation%20in%20dispersal%20distance%20affects%20inbreeding%20risk%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20%20Rebekah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-07-21%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1086%5C%2F721763%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-0147%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F721763%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-25T13%3A53%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224XHBR6P9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bryant%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBryant%2C%20A.%20R.%2C%20Gabor%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Swartz%2C%20L.%20K.%2C%20Wagner%2C%20R.%2C%20Cochrane%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282022%29.%20Differences%20in%20Corticosterone%20Release%20Rates%20of%20Larval%20Spring%20Salamanders%20%28Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%29%20in%20Response%20to%20Native%20Fish%20Presence.%20%3Ci%3EBiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20484.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fbiology11040484%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fbiology11040484%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Differences%20in%20Corticosterone%20Release%20Rates%20of%20Larval%20Spring%20Salamanders%20%28Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%29%20in%20Response%20to%20Native%20Fish%20Presence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bryant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caitlin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gabor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swartz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madaline%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochrane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Invasive%20fish%20predators%20are%20an%20important%20factor%20causing%20amphibian%20declines%20and%20may%20have%20direct%20and%20indirect%20effects%20on%20amphibian%20survival.%20For%20example%2C%20early%20non-lethal%20exposure%20to%20these%20stressors%20may%20reduce%20survival%20in%20later%20life%20stages%2C%20especially%20in%20biphasic%20species.%20In%20amphibians%2C%20the%20glucocorticoid%20hormone%20corticosterone%20is%20released%20by%20the%20hypothalamo%5Cu2013pituitary%5Cu2013interrenal%20axis%20%28HPI%29%2C%20as%20an%20adaptive%20physiological%20response%20to%20environmental%20stressors.%20The%20corticosterone%20response%20%28baseline%20and%20response%20to%20acute%20stressors%29%20is%20highly%20flexible%20and%20context%20dependent%2C%20and%20this%20variation%20can%20allow%20individuals%20to%20alter%20their%20phenotype%20and%20behavior%20with%20environmental%20changes%2C%20ultimately%20increasing%20survival.%20We%20sampled%20larvae%20of%20the%20spring%20salamander%20%28Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%29%20from%20two%20streams%20that%20each%20contained%20predatory%20brook%20trout%20%28Slavelinus%20fontinalis%29%20in%20the%20lower%20reaches%20and%20no%20predatory%20brook%20trout%20in%20the%20upper%20reaches.%20We%20measured%20baseline%20and%20stress-induced%20corticosterone%20release%20rates%20of%20larvae%20from%20the%20lower%20and%20upper%20reaches%20using%20a%20non-invasive%20water-borne%20hormone%20assay.%20We%20hypothesized%20that%20corticosterone%20release%20rates%20would%20differ%20between%20larvae%20from%20fish-present%20reaches%20and%20larvae%20from%20fish-free%20reaches.%20We%20found%20that%20baseline%20and%20stressor-induced%20corticosterone%20release%20rates%20were%20downregulated%20in%20larvae%20from%20reaches%20with%20fish%20predators.%20These%20results%20indicate%20that%20individuals%20from%20reaches%20with%20predatory%20trout%20are%20responding%20to%20fish%20predators%20by%20downregulating%20corticosterone%20while%20maintaining%20an%20active%20HPI%20axis.%20This%20may%20allow%20larvae%20more%20time%20to%20grow%20before%20metamorphosing%2C%20while%20also%20allowing%20them%20to%20physiologically%20respond%20to%20novel%20stressors.%20However%2C%20prolonged%20downregulation%20of%20corticosterone%20release%20rates%20can%20impact%20growth%20in%20post-metamorphic%20individuals.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F4%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fbiology11040484%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222079-7737%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2079-7737%5C%2F11%5C%2F4%5C%2F484%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CN7IJGM7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cayuela%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECayuela%2C%20H.%2C%20Lema%26%23xEE%3Btre%2C%20J.-F.%2C%20L%26%23xE9%3Bna%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Ronget%2C%20V.%2C%20Mart%26%23xED%3Bnez-Solano%2C%20I.%2C%20Muths%2C%20E.%2C%20Pilliod%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20S%26%23xE1%3Bnchez-Montes%2C%20G.%2C%20Guti%26%23xE9%3Brrez-Rodr%26%23xED%3Bguez%2C%20J.%2C%20Pyke%2C%20G.%2C%20Grossenbacher%2C%20K.%2C%20Lenzi%2C%20O.%2C%20Bosch%2C%20J.%2C%20Beard%2C%20K.%20H.%2C%20Woolbright%2C%20L.%20L.%2C%20Lambert%2C%20B.%20A.%2C%20Green%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20Jreidini%2C%20N.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Miller%2C%20D.%20A.%20W.%20%282022%29.%20Sex-related%20differences%20in%20aging%20rate%20are%20associated%20with%20sex%20chromosome%20system%20in%20amphibians.%20%3Ci%3EEvolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E76%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20346%26%23x2013%3B356.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fevo.14410%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fevo.14410%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sex-related%20differences%20in%20aging%20rate%20are%20associated%20with%20sex%20chromosome%20system%20in%20amphibians%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cayuela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lema%5Cu00eetre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00e9na%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ronget%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I%5Cu00f1igo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00ednez-Solano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muths%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pilliod%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benedikt%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregorio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e1nchez-Montes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jorge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guti%5Cu00e9rrez-Rodr%5Cu00edguez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pyke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kurt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grossenbacher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Omar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lenzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bosch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lawrence%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woolbright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brad%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Green%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathalie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jreidini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Justin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fisher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathleen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dudgeon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeroen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Speybroeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Homan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jehle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eyup%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ba%5Cu015fkale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emiliano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arntzen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rochelle%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stiles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lannoo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maerz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andr%5Cu00e9s%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valenzuela-S%5Cu00e1nchez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ditte%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Christiansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Angelini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thirion%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meril%5Cu00e4%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guarino%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariana%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vasconcellos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taissa%20C.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00cdsis%20da%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arantes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pauline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levionnois%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beth%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reinke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cristina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vieira%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabriel%20A.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaillard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sex-related%20differences%20in%20mortality%20are%20widespread%20in%20the%20animal%20kingdom.%20Although%20studies%20have%20shown%20that%20sex%20determination%20systems%20might%20drive%20lifespan%20evolution%2C%20sex%20chromosome%20influence%20on%20aging%20rates%20have%20not%20been%20investigated%20so%20far%2C%20likely%20due%20to%20an%20apparent%20lack%20of%20demographic%20data%20from%20clades%20including%20both%20XY%20%28with%20heterogametic%20males%29%20and%20ZW%20%28heterogametic%20females%29%20systems.%20Taking%20advantage%20of%20a%20unique%20collection%20of%20capture%5Cu2013recapture%20datasets%20in%20amphibians%2C%20a%20vertebrate%20group%20where%20XY%20and%20ZW%20systems%20have%20repeatedly%20evolved%20over%20the%20past%20200%20million%20years%2C%20we%20examined%20whether%20sex%20heterogamy%20can%20predict%20sex%20differences%20in%20aging%20rates%20and%20lifespans.%20We%20showed%20that%20the%20strength%20and%20direction%20of%20sex%20differences%20in%20aging%20rates%20%28and%20not%20lifespan%29%20differ%20between%20XY%20and%20ZW%20systems.%20Sex-specific%20variation%20in%20aging%20rates%20was%20moderate%20within%20each%20system%2C%20but%20aging%20rates%20tended%20to%20be%20consistently%20higher%20in%20the%20heterogametic%20sex.%20This%20led%20to%20small%20but%20detectable%20effects%20of%20sex%20chromosome%20system%20on%20sex%20differences%20in%20aging%20rates%20in%20our%20models.%20Although%20preliminary%2C%20our%20results%20suggest%20that%20exposed%20recessive%20deleterious%20mutations%20on%20the%20X%5C%2FZ%20chromosome%20%28the%20%5Cu201cunguarded%20X%5C%2FZ%20effect%5Cu201d%29%20or%20repeat-rich%20Y%5C%2FW%20chromosome%20%28the%20%5Cu201ctoxic%20Y%5C%2FW%20effect%5Cu201d%29%20could%20accelerate%20aging%20in%20the%20heterogametic%20sex%20in%20some%20vertebrate%20clades.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fevo.14410%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221558-5646%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fevo.14410%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MIZLKTCR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bayer%20and%20Lowe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBayer%2C%20M.%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282021%29.%20Top-Down%20Effects%20of%20Salamanders%20on%20Macroinvertebrates%20in%20Fishless%20Headwater%20Streams.%20%3Ci%3EHerpetologica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E77%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20111%26%23x2013%3B120.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1655%5C%2FHerpetologica-D-20-00054.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1655%5C%2FHerpetologica-D-20-00054.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Top-Down%20Effects%20of%20Salamanders%20on%20Macroinvertebrates%20in%20Fishless%20Headwater%20Streams%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miriam%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Salamanders%20are%20the%20top%20predators%20in%20many%20fishless%20headwater%20streams%2C%20and%20intraguild%20interactions%20among%20stream%20salamanders%20are%20well%20documented.%20However%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20top-down%20effects%20of%20salamanders%20on%20stream%20food%20webs%20or%20how%20intraguild%20interactions%20mediate%20these%20effects.%20To%20investigate%20the%20effects%20of%20salamanders%20on%20macroinvertebrate%20communities%20of%20headwater%20streams%2C%20we%20conducted%20an%20experiment%20in%20stream%20mesocosms%20to%20test%20for%20effects%20of%20two%20stream%20salamander%20species%2C%20namely%2C%20Eurycea%20bislineata%20and%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%2C%20alone%20or%20in%20combination%2C%20on%20benthic%20and%20emerging%20macroinvertebrate%20density%2C%20biomass%2C%20and%20community%20composition.%20We%20also%20assessed%20intraguild%20interactions%20between%20these%20salamander%20species%20by%20comparing%20Eurycea%20bislineata%20survival%20and%20G.%20porphyriticus%20growth%20in%20single-species%20versus%20two-species%20treatments.%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%20reduced%20benthic%20macroinvertebrate%20densities%20when%20alone%20but%20not%20when%20co-occurring%20with%20E.%20bislineata.%20There%20were%20no%20effects%20of%20salamanders%20on%20benthic%20macroinvertebrate%20biomass%20or%20community%20composition%20and%20no%20effects%20on%20emerging%20macroinvertebrate%20density%2C%20biomass%2C%20or%20community%20composition.%20Eurycea%20bislineata%20survival%20decreased%20and%20G.%20porphyriticus%20weight%20increased%20in%20two-species%20treatments%2C%20suggesting%20that%20intraguild%20predation%20was%20occurring.%20Overall%2C%20although%20some%20of%20our%20findings%20are%20equivocal%2C%20these%20results%20suggest%20that%20salamanders%20can%20exert%20top-down%20control%20on%20macroinvertebrate%20communities%20in%20fishless%20headwater%20streams%2C%20decreasing%20benthic%20macroinvertebrate%20density.%20But%20this%20effect%20is%20dependent%20on%20the%20salamander%20species%20present%2C%20and%20can%20be%20removed%20by%20intraguild%20interactions%20between%20salamander%20species.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1655%5C%2FHerpetologica-D-20-00054.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220018-0831%2C%201938-5099%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbioone.org%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fherpetologica%5C%2Fvolume-77%5C%2Fissue-2%5C%2FHerpetologica-D-20-00054.1%5C%2FTop-Down-Effects-of-Salamanders-on-Macroinvertebrates-in-Fishless-Headwater%5C%2F10.1655%5C%2FHerpetologica-D-20-00054.1.full%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZUQIBMKV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Martin%2C%20T.%20E.%2C%20Skelly%2C%20D.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Woods%2C%20H.%20A.%20%282021%29.%20Metamorphosis%20in%20an%20Era%20of%20Increasing%20Climate%20Variability.%20%3Ci%3ETrends%20in%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E36%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20360%26%23x2013%3B375.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2020.11.012%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2020.11.012%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metamorphosis%20in%20an%20Era%20of%20Increasing%20Climate%20Variability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skelly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20Arthur%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woods%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Most%20animals%20have%20complex%20life%20cycles%20including%20metamorphosis%20or%20other%20discrete%20life%20stage%20transitions%2C%20during%20which%20individuals%20may%20be%20particularly%20vulnerable%20to%20environmental%20stressors.%20With%20climate%20change%2C%20individuals%20will%20be%20exposed%20to%20increasing%20thermal%20and%20hydrologic%20variability%20during%20metamorphosis%2C%20which%20may%20affect%20survival%20and%20performance%20through%20physiological%2C%20behavioral%2C%20and%20ecological%20mechanisms.%20Furthermore%2C%20because%20metamorphosis%20entails%20changes%20in%20traits%20and%20vital%20rates%2C%20it%20is%20likely%20to%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20how%20populations%20respond%20to%20increasing%20climate%20variability.%20To%20identify%20mechanisms%20underlying%20population%20responses%20and%20associated%20trait%20and%20life%20history%20evolution%2C%20we%20need%20new%20approaches%20to%20estimating%20changes%20in%20individual%20traits%20and%20performance%20throughout%20metamorphosis%2C%20and%20we%20need%20to%20integrate%20metamorphosis%20as%20an%20explicit%20life%20stage%20in%20analytical%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%201%2C%202021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tree.2020.11.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220169-5347%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0169534720303475%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228UXLBNUC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bayer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBayer%2C%20M.%20O.%2C%20Swartz%2C%20L.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282021%29.%20Predictors%20of%20Biofilm%20Biomass%20in%20Oligotrophic%20Headwater%20Streams.%20%3Ci%3ENortheastern%20Naturalist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2028%26%23x2013%3B48.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1656%5C%2F045.028.0103%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1656%5C%2F045.028.0103%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Predictors%20of%20Biofilm%20Biomass%20in%20Oligotrophic%20Headwater%20Streams%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Miriam%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swartz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biofilm%20forms%20the%20base%20of%20food%20webs%20as%20an%20autochthonous%20resource%20in%20nutrient-poor%2C%20heavily%20shaded%20headwater%20streams.%20However%2C%20we%20know%20little%20about%20the%20influence%20of%20bottom-up%20and%20top-down%20controls%20on%20the%20standing%20stock%20of%20biofilm%20biomass%20in%20headwater%20streams.%20We%20used%20spatially%20extensive%20stream%20surveys%20and%20pre-existing%20stream%20chemistry%20data%20to%20assess%20the%20influence%20of%20potential%20bottom-up%20and%20top-down%20controls%20of%20biofilm%20biomass%20in%20the%20oligotrophic%20headwater%20streams%20of%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%20%28HBEF%29%2C%20NH.%20The%20potential%20bottom-up%20controls%20we%20considered%20were%20canopy%20cover%20and%20aspect%20%28determinants%20of%20available%20radiation%20at%20the%20stream%20surface%29%2C%20available%20nutrients%20%28e.g.%2C%20nitrogen%2C%20phosphorus%29%2C%20physical%20habitat%20characteristics%20%28e.g.%2C%20stream%20width%2C%20substrate%29%2C%20and%20physicochemical%20properties%20of%20water%20%28e.g.%2C%20water%20conductivity%2C%20pH%29.%20The%20potential%20top-down%20controls%20we%20examined%20were%20benthic%20macroinvertebrate%20biomass%20and%20stream%20salamander%20occurrence.%20Salamanders%20may%20affect%20biofilm%20biomass%20indirectly%20by%20preying%20on%20benthic%20macroinvertebrate%20consumers.%20We%20used%20stepwise%20multiple%20linear%20regression%20to%20assess%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20these%20variables%20in%20predicting%20biofilm%20biomass%20and%20found%20that%20biofilm%20increased%20with%20light%20availability%20%28as%20indicated%20by%20canopy%20cover%20and%20aspect%29%2C%20nutrient%20availability%2C%20and%20lower%20acidity%2C%20suggesting%20that%20the%20autotrophic%20components%20of%20biofilm%20may%20be%20particularly%20important.%20Our%20top-down%20control%20indices%20were%20unrelated%20to%20biofilm%20biomass%3B%20however%2C%20more%20intensive%20studies%20on%20top-down%20controls%20are%20needed%20in%20these%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1656%5C%2F045.028.0103%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221092-6194%2C%201938-5307%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbioone.org%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fnortheastern-naturalist%5C%2Fvolume-28%5C%2Fissue-1%5C%2F045.028.0103%5C%2FPredictors-of-Biofilm-Biomass-in-Oligotrophic-Headwater-Streams%5C%2F10.1656%5C%2F045.028.0103.full%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T5WBLPMQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Addis%20and%20Lowe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAddis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282020%29.%20Long-term%20survival%20probability%2C%20not%20current%20habitat%20quality%2C%20predicts%20dispersal%20distance%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e02982.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2982%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2982%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-term%20survival%20probability%2C%20not%20current%20habitat%20quality%2C%20predicts%20dispersal%20distance%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dispersal%20evolves%20as%20an%20adaptive%20mechanism%20to%20optimize%20individual%20fitness%20across%20the%20landscape.%20Specifically%2C%20dispersal%20represents%20a%20mechanism%20to%20escape%20fitness%20costs%20resulting%20from%20changes%20in%20environmental%20conditions.%20Decades%20of%20empirical%20work%20suggest%20that%20individuals%20use%20local%20habitat%20cues%20to%20make%20movement%20decisions%2C%20but%20theory%20predicts%20that%20dispersal%20can%20also%20evolve%20as%20a%20fixed%20trait%2C%20independent%20of%20local%20conditions%2C%20in%20environments%20characterized%20by%20a%20history%20of%20stochastic%20spatiotemporal%20variation.%20Until%20now%2C%20however%2C%20both%20conditional%20and%20fixed%20models%20of%20dispersal%20evolution%20have%20primarily%20been%20evaluated%20using%20emigration%20data%20%28stay%20vs.%20leave%29%2C%20and%20not%20dispersal%20distances%3A%20a%20more%20comprehensive%20measure%20of%20dispersal.%20Our%20goal%20was%20to%20test%20whether%20conditional%20or%20fixed%20models%20of%20dispersal%20evolution%20predict%20variation%20in%20dispersal%20distance%20in%20the%20stream%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus.%20We%20quantified%20variation%20in%20habitat%20conditions%20using%20measures%20of%20salamander%20performance%20from%204%20yr%20of%20spatially%20explicit%2C%20capture%5Cu2013mark%5Cu2013recapture%20%28CMR%29%20data%20across%20three%20headwater%20streams%20in%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%20in%20central%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA.%20We%20used%20body%20condition%20as%20an%20index%20of%20local%20habitat%20quality%20that%20individuals%20may%20use%20to%20make%20dispersal%20decisions%2C%20and%20survival%20probability%20estimated%20from%20multistate%20CMR%20models%20as%20an%20index%20of%20mortality%20risk%20resulting%20from%20the%20long-term%20history%20of%20environmental%20variation.%20We%20found%20that%20dispersal%20distances%20increased%20with%20declining%20survival%20probability%2C%20indicating%20that%20salamanders%20disperse%20further%20in%20risky%20environments.%20Dispersal%20distances%20were%20unrelated%20to%20spatial%20variation%20in%20body%20condition%2C%20suggesting%20that%20salamanders%20do%20not%20base%20dispersal%20distance%20decisions%20on%20local%20habitat%20quality.%20Our%20study%20provides%20the%20first%20empirical%20support%20for%20fixed%20models%20of%20dispersal%20evolution%2C%20which%20predict%20that%20dispersal%20evolves%20in%20response%20to%20a%20history%20of%20spatiotemporal%20environmental%20variation%2C%20rather%20than%20as%20a%20conditional%20response%20to%20current%20habitat%20conditions.%20More%20broadly%2C%20this%20study%20underscores%20the%20value%20of%20assessing%20alternative%20scales%20of%20environmental%20variation%20to%20gain%20a%20more%20complete%20and%20balanced%20understanding%20of%20dispersal%20evolution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecy.2982%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221939-9170%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fesajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2982%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224WLU2DG3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-09-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Swartz%2C%20L.%20K.%2C%20Addis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%20%282019%29.%20Hydrologic%20variability%20contributes%20to%20reduced%20survival%20through%20metamorphosis%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E116%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2839%29%2C%2019563%26%23x2013%3B19570.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1908057116%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1908057116%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hydrologic%20variability%20contributes%20to%20reduced%20survival%20through%20metamorphosis%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leah%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Swartz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gene%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Changes%20in%20the%20amount%2C%20intensity%2C%20and%20timing%20of%20precipitation%20are%20increasing%20hydrologic%20variability%20in%20many%20regions%2C%20but%20we%20have%20little%20understanding%20of%20how%20these%20changes%20are%20affecting%20freshwater%20species.%20Stream-breeding%20amphibians%5Cu2014a%20diverse%20group%20in%20North%20America%5Cu2014may%20be%20particularly%20sensitive%20to%20hydrologic%20variability%20during%20aquatic%20larval%20and%20metamorphic%20stages.%20Here%2C%20we%20tested%20the%20prediction%20that%20hydrologic%20variability%20in%20streams%20decreases%20survival%20through%20metamorphosis%20in%20the%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%2C%20reducing%20recruitment%20to%20the%20adult%20stage.%20Using%20a%2020-y%20dataset%20from%20Merrill%20Brook%2C%20a%20stream%20in%20northern%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20we%20show%20that%20abundance%20of%20G.%20porphyriticus%20adults%20has%20declined%20by%20%5Cu223c50%25%20since%201999%2C%20but%20there%20has%20been%20no%20trend%20in%20larval%20abundance.%20We%20then%20tested%20whether%20hydrologic%20variability%20during%20summers%20influences%20survival%20through%20metamorphosis%2C%20using%20capture%5Cu2013mark%5Cu2013recapture%20data%20from%20Merrill%20Brook%20%281999%20to%202004%29%20and%20from%204%20streams%20in%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%20%282012%20to%202014%29%2C%20also%20in%20New%20Hampshire.%20At%20both%20sites%2C%20survival%20through%20metamorphosis%20declined%20with%20increasing%20variability%20of%20stream%20discharge.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20hydrologic%20variability%20reduces%20the%20demographic%20resilience%20and%20adaptive%20capacity%20of%20G.%20porphyriticus%20populations%20by%20decreasing%20recruitment%20of%20breeding%20adults.%20They%20also%20provide%20insight%20on%20how%20increasing%20hydrologic%20variability%20is%20affecting%20freshwater%20species%2C%20and%20on%20the%20broader%20effects%20of%20environmental%20variability%20on%20species%20with%20vulnerable%20metamorphic%20stages.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F09%5C%2F24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1908057116%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%2C%201091-6490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F116%5C%2F39%5C%2F19563%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225VSGR7N3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rodenhouse%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-05-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERodenhouse%2C%20N.%20L.%2C%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Gebauer%2C%20R.%20L.%20E.%2C%20McFarland%2C%20K.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bank%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282019%29.%20Mercury%20bioaccumulation%20in%20temperate%20forest%20food%20webs%20associated%20with%20headwater%20streams.%20%3Ci%3EScience%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E665%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201125%26%23x2013%3B1134.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2019.02.151%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2019.02.151%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mercury%20bioaccumulation%20in%20temperate%20forest%20food%20webs%20associated%20with%20headwater%20streams%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodenhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renate%20L.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gebauer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kent%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McFarland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bank%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20soils%20and%20food%20webs%20associated%20with%20mid%20to%20high%20elevation%2C%20forested%2C%20headwater%20streams%20in%20northeastern%20North%20America%20are%20potential%20hotspots%20for%20mercury%20%28Hg%29%20methylation%20and%20bioaccumulation%2C%20but%20are%20not%20well%20studied.%20Our%20goals%20were%20to%20quantify%20total%20Hg%20%28THg%29%20and%20methyl%20Hg%20%28MeHg%29%20concentrations%20in%20soils%20and%20terrestrial%20food%20webs%20associated%20with%20headwater%20streams%20of%20northern%20hardwood%20forests%20to%20identify%20predictors%20of%20small-scale%20spatial%20variation%20in%20Hg%20bioaccumulation.%20We%20sampled%20soil%20characteristics%20that%20promote%20Hg%20methylation%20including%20pH%2C%20sulfur%20and%20calcium%20content%2C%20and%20organic%20matter.%20To%20assess%20spatial%20variation%2C%20we%20sampled%20at%20high%20%28~700%5Cu202fm%20asl%29%20and%20mid%20elevations%20%28~500%5Cu202fm%20asl%29%2C%20both%20adjacent%20to%20%28%3C1%5Cu202fm%29%20and%20away%20from%20%28%3E75%5Cu202fm%29%20three%20replicate%20headwater%20streams%20in%20each%20of%20two%20watersheds%20of%20the%20White%20Mountains%20region%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA.%20Soils%20of%20these%20forested%20watersheds%20differed%20significantly%20in%20pH%20and%20the%20content%20of%20calcium%2C%20sulfur%2C%20organic%20matter%20and%20THg.%20Conditions%20for%20methylation%20were%20more%20favorable%20in%20the%20upland%20forest%20sites%20compared%20to%20streamside%20sites.%20Significant%20bioaccumulation%20of%20THg%20occurred%20in%20all%20measured%20components%20of%20the%20food%20web%2C%20including%20insects%2C%20spiders%2C%20salamanders%2C%20and%20birds.%20Trophic%20position%2C%20as%20determined%20by%20%5Cu03b415N%2C%20was%20the%20best%20predictor%20of%20both%20THg%20and%20MeHg%20bioaccumulation%20across%20the%20sampled%20taxa%20and%20was%20also%20a%20better%20predictor%20than%20spatial%20location.%20However%2C%20the%20degree%20of%20bioaccumulation%20at%20which%20MeHg%20significantly%20affects%20animal%20behavior%2C%20reproduction%20or%20survival%20is%20unknown%20for%20most%20taxa%20in%20terrestrial%20habitats%2C%20particularly%20for%20invertebrates.%20These%20findings%20show%20that%20Hg%20methylation%20and%20bioaccumulation%20is%20not%20limited%20to%20areas%20traditionally%20classified%20as%20wetlands%20or%20to%20areas%20with%20exceptionally%20high%20THg%20inputs%2C%20but%20that%20it%20is%20a%20widespread%20and%20important%20phenomenon%20in%20the%20moist%20deciduous%20forests%20of%20eastern%20North%20America.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%2015%2C%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.scitotenv.2019.02.151%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220048-9697%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0048969719306394%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LL77GKES%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Addis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAddis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Tobalske%2C%20B.%20W.%2C%20Davenport%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282019%29.%20A%20distance%26%23x2013%3Bperformance%20trade-off%20in%20the%20phenotypic%20basis%20of%20dispersal.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%20and%20Evolution%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2818%29%2C%2010644%26%23x2013%3B10653.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.5583%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.5583%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20distance%5Cu2013performance%20trade-off%20in%20the%20phenotypic%20basis%20of%20dispersal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bret%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tobalske%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jon%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davenport%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Across%20taxa%2C%20individuals%20vary%20in%20how%20far%20they%20disperse%2C%20with%20most%20individuals%20staying%20close%20to%20their%20origin%20and%20fewer%20dispersing%20long%20distances.%20Costs%20associated%20with%20dispersal%20%28e.g.%2C%20energy%2C%20risk%29%20are%20widely%20believed%20to%20trade%20off%20with%20benefits%20%28e.g.%2C%20reduced%20competition%2C%20increased%20reproductive%20success%29%20to%20influence%20dispersal%20propensity.%20However%2C%20this%20framework%20has%20not%20been%20applied%20to%20understand%20variation%20in%20dispersal%20distance%2C%20which%20is%20instead%20generally%20attributed%20to%20extrinsic%20environmental%20factors.%20We%20alternatively%20hypothesized%20that%20variation%20in%20dispersal%20distances%20results%20from%20trade-offs%20associated%20with%20other%20aspects%20of%20locomotor%20performance.%20We%20tested%20this%20hypothesis%20in%20the%20stream%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%20and%20found%20that%20salamanders%20that%20dispersed%20farther%20in%20the%20field%20had%20longer%20forelimbs%20but%20swam%20at%20slower%20velocities%20under%20experimental%20conditions.%20The%20reduced%20swimming%20performance%20of%20long-distance%20dispersers%20likely%20results%20from%20drag%20imposed%20by%20longer%20forelimbs.%20Longer%20forelimbs%20may%20facilitate%20moving%20longer%20distances%2C%20but%20the%20proximate%20costs%20associated%20with%20reduced%20swimming%20performance%20may%20help%20to%20explain%20the%20rarity%20of%20long-distance%20dispersal.%20The%20historical%20focus%20on%20environmental%20drivers%20of%20dispersal%20distances%20misses%20the%20importance%20of%20individual%20traits%20and%20associated%20trade-offs%20among%20traits%20affecting%20locomotion.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fece3.5583%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-7758%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fece3.5583%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JMRJQNRX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20and%20Addis%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Addis%2C%20B.%20R.%20%282019%29.%20Matching%20habitat%20choice%20and%20plasticity%20contribute%20to%20phenotype%26%23x2013%3Benvironment%20covariation%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E100%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20e02661.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2661%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2661%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Matching%20habitat%20choice%20and%20plasticity%20contribute%20to%20phenotype%5Cu2013environment%20covariation%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Populations%20optimize%20the%20match%20of%20phenotype%20to%20environment%20by%20localized%20natural%20selection%2C%20adaptive%20phenotypic%20plasticity%2C%20and%20habitat%20choice.%20Habitat%20choice%20may%20also%20be%20achieved%20by%20several%20mechanisms%2C%20including%20matching%20habitat%20choice%2C%20where%20individuals%20distribute%20themselves%20based%20on%20self-assessment%20of%20the%20phenotype%5Cu2013environment%20match.%20Matching%20habitat%20choice%20is%20a%20relatively%20untested%20concept%2C%20but%20one%20that%20could%20advance%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20interplay%20of%20movement%20ecology%20and%20intraspecific%20phenotypic%20variation.%20Morphology%20of%20the%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%20differs%20in%20riffles%20and%20pools%2C%20the%20dominant%20habitats%20in%20headwater%20streams%20where%20this%20species%20occurs.%20Specifically%2C%20individuals%20found%20in%20riffles%20have%20shorter%20limbs%20than%20those%20found%20in%20pools.%20Here%2C%20we%20used%204%20yr%20of%20spatially%20explicit%20capture%5Cu2013mark%5Cu2013recapture%20data%20from%20three%20streams%20to%20test%20the%20contributions%20of%20phenotypic%20plasticity%20and%20matching%20habitat%20choice%20to%20this%20phenotype%5Cu2013environment%20covariation.%20We%20quantified%20morphological%20variation%20in%20G.%20porphyriticus%20with%20size-corrected%20principal%20component%20%28PC%29%20scores%20and%20assessed%20phenotype%5Cu2013environment%20match%20based%20on%20the%20difference%20between%20habitats%20in%20these%20PC%20scores.%20We%20found%20that%20both%20phenotypic%20plasticity%20and%20matching%20habitat%20choice%20contribute%20to%20phenotype%5Cu2013environment%20covariation%20in%20G.%20porphyriticus.%20The%20phenotypes%20of%20individuals%20that%20switched%20habitats%20%28i.e.%2C%20riffle%5Cu2192pool%2C%20pool%5Cu2192riffle%29%20changed%20to%20become%20better%20matched%20to%20the%20recipient%20habitat%2C%20indicating%20a%20plastic%20response%20to%20local%20habitat%20conditions.%20Consistent%20with%20matching%20habitat%20choice%2C%20individuals%20were%20also%20more%20likely%20to%20switch%20habitats%20if%20their%20initial%20phenotype%20was%20a%20better%20match%20to%20the%20alternative%20habitat%2C%20independent%20of%20subsequent%20changes%20in%20morphology%20due%20to%20plasticity.%20Realized%20performance%2C%20survival%20adjusted%20for%20the%20likelihood%20of%20remaining%20in%20each%20habitat%2C%20was%20higher%20in%20individuals%20with%20phenotypes%20matched%20to%20each%20habitat%20than%20in%20those%20with%20mismatched%20phenotypes%2C%20but%20performance%20was%20generally%20lower%20in%20riffles%20than%20pools%2C%20suggesting%20that%20other%20factors%20influence%20the%20use%20of%20riffles.%20Our%20results%20underscore%20the%20value%20of%20considering%20how%20matching%20habitat%20choice%20interacts%20with%20other%20mechanisms%20that%20allow%20organisms%20to%20maximize%20performance%20when%20faced%20with%20environmental%20heterogeneity.%20More%20broadly%2C%20our%20study%20shows%20that%20it%20is%20important%20to%20account%20for%20movement%20in%20any%20study%20of%20the%20causes%20or%20consequences%20of%20intraspecific%20trait%20variation%2C%20a%20challenge%20that%20may%20require%20novel%20research%20approaches%20and%20experimental%20designs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fecy.2661%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221939-9170%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fesajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fecy.2661%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CKKSZJ6R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Addis%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Smith%2C%20M.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Davenport%2C%20J.%20M.%20%282018%29.%20The%20spatial%20structure%20of%20variation%20in%20salamander%20survival%2C%20body%20condition%20and%20morphology%20in%20a%20headwater%20stream%20network.%20%3Ci%3EFreshwater%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E63%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%201287%26%23x2013%3B1299.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Ffwb.13133%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Ffwb.13133%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20spatial%20structure%20of%20variation%20in%20salamander%20survival%2C%20body%20condition%20and%20morphology%20in%20a%20headwater%20stream%20network%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jon%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davenport%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20spatial%20structure%20of%20individual%20variation%20is%20critical%20to%20assessing%20the%20mechanisms%20and%20scale%20of%20species-level%20ecological%20and%20evolutionary%20responses.%20But%20the%20continuity%20and%20complexity%20of%20streams%20can%20make%20it%20difficult%20to%20discern%20spatial%20structure%2C%20and%20data%20on%20individual%20variation%20spanning%20spatial%20scales%20are%20rare.%20Our%20goal%20was%20to%20objectively%20resolve%20the%20scale%20of%20ecological%20and%20evolutionary%20processes%20affecting%20the%20salamander%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%20by%20testing%20for%20spatial%20structure%20in%20individual%20variation%20across%20a%20headwater%20stream%20network.%20We%20used%203%20years%20of%20spatially%20explicit%20capture%5Cu2013mark%5Cu2013recapture%20data%20from%20four%20headwater%20streams%20in%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA%2C%20to%20test%20for%20individual%20variation%20in%20survival%20at%20three%20scales%3A%20%28a%29%20among%20c.%202-km2%20watersheds%2C%20%28b%29%20in%20500-m%20downstream%20and%20upstream%20reaches%20within%20watersheds%20and%20%28c%29%20in%20riffle%20and%20pool%20habitats%20along%20reaches.%20We%20also%20tested%20for%20corresponding%20spatial%20variation%20in%20individual%20body%20condition%20and%20morphology%20to%20gain%20insight%20on%20the%20causes%20and%20implications%20of%20variation%20in%20survival.%20Survival%20of%20G.%20porphyriticus%20larvae%20was%20constant%20among%20watersheds%2C%20but%20differed%20by%20reach%20and%20habitat.%20Larval%20survival%20was%20higher%20in%20upstream%20reaches%20than%20downstream%20reaches%2C%20matching%20the%20distribution%20of%20predatory%20brook%20trout%20%28Salvelinus%20fontinalis%29%2C%20which%20were%20restricted%20to%20downstream%20reaches.%20Larval%20survival%20was%20also%20higher%20in%20pools%20than%20riffles.%20Survival%20of%20G.%20porphyriticus%20adults%20was%20constant%20at%20all%20scales.%20Larval%20body%20condition%20was%20higher%20in%20downstream%20reaches%20than%20upstream%20reaches.%20Both%20larvae%20and%20adults%20differed%20in%20morphology%20at%20the%20habitat%20scale%3A%20individuals%20in%20pools%20had%20longer%20limbs%20than%20individuals%20in%20riffles.%20Negative%20covariation%20in%20larval%20survival%20and%20body%20condition%20at%20the%20reach%20scale%20suggests%20that%20there%20is%20a%20trade-off%20between%20fitness%20and%20proximate%20performance%20along%20streams.%20The%20surprising%20differences%20between%20habitats%20in%20survival%20and%20morphology%20show%20the%20potential%20for%20fine-scale%20ecology%5Cu2013evolution%20interactions%20in%20streams%2C%20potentially%20driven%20by%20differences%20in%20flow%20and%20gradient%20conditions%20in%20riffles%20and%20pools.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20the%20larval%20stage%20is%20key%20to%20understanding%20individual%2C%20population%20and%20community-level%20processes%20affecting%20G.%20porphyriticus.%20More%20broadly%2C%20this%20research%20provides%20a%20novel%20empirical%20link%20between%20traditional%20studies%20of%20fine-scale%20ecological%20complexity%20in%20streams%20and%20recent%20studies%20showing%20consistent%20spatial%20dynamics%20at%20the%20network%20scale.%20By%20documenting%20differences%20in%20survival%2C%20body%20condition%20and%20morphology%20at%20reach%20and%20habitat%20scales%2C%20we%20hope%20this%20work%20shows%20the%20feasibility%20and%20value%20of%20spatially%20explicit%20approaches%20to%20species-level%20ecological%20and%20evolutionary%20questions%20in%20streams.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Ffwb.13133%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2427%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Ffwb.13133%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226NS9CMYB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davenport%20and%20Lowe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavenport%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282016%29.%20Does%20dispersal%20influence%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%3F%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Zoology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E298%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2046%26%23x2013%3B53.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Does%20dispersal%20influence%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davenport%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Metacommunity%20ecology%20emphasizes%20the%20role%20of%20dispersal%20in%20linking%20local%20processes%20across%20space.%20Competition%20is%20one%20such%20local%20process%20that%20can%20be%20affected%20by%20dispersal.%20Dispersal%20can%20influence%20intraspecific%20trait%20variation%2C%20thereby%20affecting%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20and%2C%20consequently%2C%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20intra-%20versus%20interspecific%20interactions.%20Prior%20research%20has%20shown%20that%20spring%20salamanders%2C%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%2C%20self-organize%20within%20streams%20by%20a%20common%20trait%20%28body%20condition%29%20and%20that%20dispersal%20and%20gene%20flow%20along%20streams%20vary%20with%20slope.%20Building%20on%20this%20prior%20work%2C%20we%20tested%20how%20dispersal%20influences%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20via%20one%20of%20two%20spatial%20mechanisms%3A%20%281%29%20spatial%20sorting%20of%20individuals%20by%20traits%20that%20affect%20competitive%20performance%20or%20%282%29%20variation%20in%20gene%20flow%20resulting%20in%20evolutionary%20divergence%20of%20traits%20affecting%20competitive%20performance.%20To%20test%20these%20alternative%20mechanisms%2C%20we%20conducted%20a%20mesocosm%20experiment%20with%20spring%20salamanders%20from%20downstream%20and%20upstream%20sites%20of%20streams%20with%20low%20and%20high%20rates%20of%20dispersal%20and%20gene%20flow.%20Spatial%20patterns%20of%20intraspecific%20competitive%20performance%20differed%20significantly%20in%20the%20low-%20and%20high-dispersal%20streams.%20In%20the%20low-dispersal%20stream%2C%20downstream%20individuals%20were%20better%20intraspecific%20competitors%20than%20upstream%20individuals%2C%20whereas%20the%20opposite%20was%20true%20in%20the%20high-dispersal%20stream.%20These%20differences%20support%20the%20spatial%20sorting%20mechanism%2C%20reinforcing%20direct%20dispersal%20data%20showing%20that%20high-performance%20individuals%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20move%20upstream%20in%20the%20high-dispersal%20stream%20and%20to%20remain%20downstream%20in%20the%20low-dispersal%20stream.%20To%20our%20knowledge%2C%20this%20is%20the%20first%20time%20that%20spatial%20sorting%20has%20been%20explicitly%20identified%20as%20contributing%20to%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20interactions.%20Our%20study%20underscores%20the%20importance%20of%20integrating%20natural%20rates%20of%20dispersal%20into%20mechanistic%20experiments%20to%20understand%20spatial%20variability%20in%20the%20strength%20of%20intra-%20and%20interspecific%20species%20interactions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%201%2C%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-7998%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224VF8RRWI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davenport%20and%20Lowe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavenport%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282015%29.%20Does%20dispersal%20influence%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%3F%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Zoology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20n%5C%2Fa-n%5C%2Fa.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Does%20dispersal%20influence%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20in%20a%20stream%20salamander%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davenport%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Metacommunity%20ecology%20emphasizes%20the%20role%20of%20dispersal%20in%20linking%20local%20processes%20across%20space.%20Competition%20is%20one%20such%20local%20process%20that%20can%20be%20affected%20by%20dispersal.%20Dispersal%20can%20influence%20intraspecific%20trait%20variation%2C%20thereby%20affecting%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20and%2C%20consequently%2C%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20intra-%20versus%20interspecific%20interactions.%20Prior%20research%20has%20shown%20that%20spring%20salamanders%2C%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%2C%20self-organize%20within%20streams%20by%20a%20common%20trait%20%28body%20condition%29%20and%20that%20dispersal%20and%20gene%20flow%20along%20streams%20vary%20with%20slope.%20Building%20on%20this%20prior%20work%2C%20we%20tested%20how%20dispersal%20influences%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20competition%20via%20one%20of%20two%20spatial%20mechanisms%3A%20%281%29%20spatial%20sorting%20of%20individuals%20by%20traits%20that%20affect%20competitive%20performance%20or%20%282%29%20variation%20in%20gene%20flow%20resulting%20in%20evolutionary%20divergence%20of%20traits%20affecting%20competitive%20performance.%20To%20test%20these%20alternative%20mechanisms%2C%20we%20conducted%20a%20mesocosm%20experiment%20with%20spring%20salamanders%20from%20downstream%20and%20upstream%20sites%20of%20streams%20with%20low%20and%20high%20rates%20of%20dispersal%20and%20gene%20flow.%20Spatial%20patterns%20of%20intraspecific%20competitive%20performance%20differed%20significantly%20in%20the%20low-%20and%20high-dispersal%20streams.%20In%20the%20low-dispersal%20stream%2C%20downstream%20individuals%20were%20better%20intraspecific%20competitors%20than%20upstream%20individuals%2C%20whereas%20the%20opposite%20was%20true%20in%20the%20high-dispersal%20stream.%20These%20differences%20support%20the%20spatial%20sorting%20mechanism%2C%20reinforcing%20direct%20dispersal%20data%20showing%20that%20high-performance%20individuals%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20move%20upstream%20in%20the%20high-dispersal%20stream%20and%20to%20remain%20downstream%20in%20the%20low-dispersal%20stream.%20To%20our%20knowledge%2C%20this%20is%20the%20first%20time%20that%20spatial%20sorting%20has%20been%20explicitly%20identified%20as%20contributing%20to%20the%20strength%20of%20intraspecific%20interactions.%20Our%20study%20underscores%20the%20importance%20of%20integrating%20natural%20rates%20of%20dispersal%20into%20mechanistic%20experiments%20to%20understand%20spatial%20variability%20in%20the%20strength%20of%20intra-%20and%20interspecific%20species%20interactions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%201%2C%202015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-7998%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjzo.12282%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229V6QRZAP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McGuire%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-05-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcGuire%2C%20K.%20J.%2C%20Torgersen%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Buso%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bailey%2C%20S.%20W.%20%282014%29.%20Network%20analysis%20reveals%20multiscale%20controls%20on%20streamwater%20chemistry.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E111%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2819%29%2C%207030%26%23x2013%3B7035.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1404820111%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1404820111%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Network%20analysis%20reveals%20multiscale%20controls%20on%20streamwater%20chemistry%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torgersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gene%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donald%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Winsor%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bailey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22By%20coupling%20synoptic%20data%20from%20a%20basin-wide%20assessment%20of%20streamwater%20chemistry%20with%20network-based%20geostatistical%20analysis%2C%20we%20show%20that%20spatial%20processes%20differentially%20affect%20biogeochemical%20condition%20and%20pattern%20across%20a%20headwater%20stream%20network.%20We%20analyzed%20a%20high-resolution%20dataset%20consisting%20of%20664%20water%20samples%20collected%20every%20100%20m%20throughout%2032%20tributaries%20in%20an%20entire%20fifth-order%20stream%20network.%20These%20samples%20were%20analyzed%20for%20an%20exhaustive%20suite%20of%20chemical%20constituents.%20The%20fine%20grain%20and%20broad%20extent%20of%20this%20study%20design%20allowed%20us%20to%20quantify%20spatial%20patterns%20over%20a%20range%20of%20scales%20by%20using%20empirical%20semivariograms%20that%20explicitly%20incorporated%20network%20topology.%20Here%2C%20we%20show%20that%20spatial%20structure%2C%20as%20determined%20by%20the%20characteristic%20shape%20of%20the%20semivariograms%2C%20differed%20both%20among%20chemical%20constituents%20and%20by%20spatial%20relationship%20%28flow-connected%2C%20flow-unconnected%2C%20or%20Euclidean%29.%20Spatial%20structure%20was%20apparent%20at%20either%20a%20single%20scale%20or%20at%20multiple%20nested%20scales%2C%20suggesting%20separate%20processes%20operating%20simultaneously%20within%20the%20stream%20network%20and%20surrounding%20terrestrial%20landscape.%20Expected%20patterns%20of%20spatial%20dependence%20for%20flow-connected%20relationships%20%28e.g.%2C%20increasing%20homogeneity%20with%20downstream%20distance%29%20occurred%20for%20some%20chemical%20constituents%20%28e.g.%2C%20dissolved%20organic%20carbon%2C%20sulfate%2C%20and%20aluminum%29%20but%20not%20for%20others%20%28e.g.%2C%20nitrate%2C%20sodium%29.%20By%20comparing%20semivariograms%20for%20the%20different%20chemical%20constituents%20and%20spatial%20relationships%2C%20we%20were%20able%20to%20separate%20effects%20on%20streamwater%20chemistry%20of%20%28i%29%20fine-scale%20versus%20broad-scale%20processes%20and%20%28ii%29%20in-stream%20processes%20versus%20landscape%20controls.%20These%20findings%20provide%20insight%20on%20the%20hierarchical%20scaling%20of%20local%2C%20longitudinal%2C%20and%20landscape%20processes%20that%20drive%20biogeochemical%20patterns%20in%20stream%20networks.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F13%5C%2F2014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.1404820111%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%2C%201091-6490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F111%5C%2F19%5C%2F7030%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226HXBIZI5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20McPeek%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cosentino%2C%20B.%20J.%20%282012%29.%20Decoupling%20of%20genetic%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence%20in%20a%20headwater%20landscape.%20%3Ci%3EMolecular%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E21%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%202399%26%23x2013%3B2409.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-294X.2012.05546.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-294X.2012.05546.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Decoupling%20of%20genetic%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence%20in%20a%20headwater%20landscape%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPeek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cosentino%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20stream%20organisms%2C%20the%20landscape%20affecting%20intraspecific%20genetic%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence%20is%20comprised%20of%20two%20fundamental%20components%3A%20the%20stream%20network%20and%20terrestrial%20matrix.%20These%20components%20are%20known%20to%20differentially%20influence%20genetic%20structure%20in%20stream%20species%2C%20but%20to%20our%20knowledge%2C%20no%20study%20has%20compared%20their%20effects%20on%20genetic%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence.%20We%20examined%20how%20the%20stream%20network%20and%20terrestrial%20matrix%20affect%20genetic%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence%20in%20two%20stream%20salamanders%2C%20Gyrinophilus%20porphyriticus%20and%20Eurycea%20bislineata%2C%20in%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Watershed%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA.%20On%20the%20basis%20of%20previous%20findings%20and%20differences%20in%20adult%20terrestriality%2C%20we%20predicted%20that%20genetic%20divergence%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence%20in%20body%20morphology%20would%20be%20correlated%20in%20both%20species%2C%20but%20structured%20primarily%20by%20distance%20along%20the%20stream%20network%20in%20G.%5Cu00a0porphyriticus%2C%20and%20by%20overland%20distance%20in%20E.%5Cu00a0bislineata.%20Surprisingly%2C%20spatial%20patterns%20of%20genetic%20and%20phenotypic%20divergence%20were%20not%20strongly%20correlated.%20Genetic%20divergence%2C%20based%20on%20amplified%20DNA%20fragment%20length%20polymorphisms%2C%20increased%20with%20absolute%20geographic%20distance%20between%20sites.%20Phenotypic%20divergence%20was%20unrelated%20to%20absolute%20geographic%20distance%2C%20but%20related%20to%20relative%20stream%20vs.%20overland%20distances.%20In%20G.%5Cu00a0porphyriticus%2C%20phenotypic%20divergence%20was%20low%20when%20sites%20were%20close%20by%20stream%20distance%20alone%20and%20high%20when%20sites%20were%20close%20by%20overland%20distance%20alone.%20The%20opposite%20was%20true%20for%20E.%5Cu00a0bislineata.%20These%20results%20show%20that%20small%20differences%20in%20life%20history%20can%20produce%20large%20differences%20in%20patterns%20of%20intraspecific%20divergence%2C%20and%20the%20limitations%20of%20landscape%20genetic%20data%20for%20inferring%20phenotypic%20divergence.%20Our%20results%20also%20underscore%20the%20importance%20of%20explicitly%20comparing%20how%20terrestrial%20and%20aquatic%20conditions%20affect%20spatial%20patterns%20of%20divergence%20in%20species%20with%20biphasic%20life%20cycles.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-294X.2012.05546.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-294X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226XGBSING%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lindenmayer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELindenmayer%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20Andersen%2C%20A.%2C%20Bowman%2C%20D.%2C%20Bull%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Burns%2C%20E.%2C%20Dickman%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Hoffmann%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Keith%2C%20D.%20A.%2C%20Liddell%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Lowe%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Metcalfe%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Phinn%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Russell-Smith%2C%20J.%2C%20Thurgate%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wardle%2C%20G.%20M.%20%282012%29.%20Value%20of%20long-term%20ecological%20studies.%20%3Ci%3EAustral%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20745%26%23x2013%3B757.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2011.02351.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2011.02351.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Value%20of%20long-term%20ecological%20studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lindenmayer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bull%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burns%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dickman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liddell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Metcalfe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phinn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell-Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thurgate%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wardle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Long-term%20ecological%20studies%20are%20critical%20for%20providing%20key%20insights%20in%20ecology%2C%20environmental%20change%2C%20natural%20resource%20management%20and%20biodiversity%20conservation.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20briefly%20discuss%20five%20key%20values%20of%20such%20studies.%20These%20are%3A%20%281%29%20quantifying%20ecological%20responses%20to%20drivers%20of%20ecosystem%20change%3B%20%282%29%20understanding%20complex%20ecosystem%20processes%20that%20occur%20over%20prolonged%20periods%3B%20%283%29%20providing%20core%20ecological%20data%20that%20may%20be%20used%20to%20develop%20theoretical%20ecological%20models%20and%20to%20parameterize%20and%20validate%20simulation%20models%3B%20%284%29%20acting%20as%20platforms%20for%20collaborative%20studies%2C%20thus%20promoting%20multidisciplinary%20research%3B%20and%20%285%29%20providing%20data%20and%20understanding%20at%20scales%20relevant%20to%20management%2C%20and%20hence%20critically%20supporting%20evidence-based%20policy%2C%20decision%20making%20and%20the%20management%20of%20ecosystems.%20We%20suggest%20that%20the%20ecological%20research%20community%20needs%20to%20put%20higher%20priority%20on%20communicating%20the%20benefits%20of%20long-term%20ecological%20studies%20to%20resource%20managers%2C%20policy%20makers%20and%20the%20general%20public.%20Long-term%20research%20will%20be%20especially%20important%20for%20tackling%20large-scale%20emerging%20problems%20confronting%20humanity%20such%20as%20resource%20management%20for%20a%20rapidly%20increasing%20human%20population%2C%20mass%20species%20extinction%2C%20and%20climate%20change%20detection%2C%20mitigation%20and%20adaptation.%20While%20some%20ecologically%20relevant%2C%20long-term%20data%20sets%20are%20now%20becoming%20more%20generally%20available%2C%20these%20are%20exceptions.%20This%20deficiency%20occurs%20because%20ecological%20studies%20can%20be%20difficult%20to%20maintain%20for%20long%20periods%20as%20they%20exceed%20the%20length%20of%20government%20administrations%20and%20funding%20cycles.%20We%20argue%20that%20the%20ecological%20research%20community%20will%20need%20to%20coordinate%20ongoing%20efforts%20in%20an%20open%20and%20collaborative%20way%2C%20to%20ensure%20that%20discoverable%20long-term%20ecological%20studies%20do%20not%20become%20a%20long-term%20deficiency.%20It%20is%20important%20to%20maintain%20publishing%20outlets%20for%20empirical%20field-based%20ecology%2C%20while%20simultaneously%20developing%20new%20systems%20of%20recognition%20that%20reward%20ecologists%20for%20the%20use%20and%20collaborative%20sharing%20of%20their%20long-term%20data%20sets.%20Funding%20schemes%20must%20be%20re-crafted%20to%20emphasize%20collaborative%20partnerships%20between%20field-based%20ecologists%2C%20theoreticians%20and%20modellers%2C%20and%20to%20provide%20financial%20support%20that%20is%20committed%20over%20commensurate%20time%20frames.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2011.02351.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221442-9993%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1442-9993.2011.02351.x%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T17%3A31%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VT2SW6NC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hossack%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHossack%2C%20B.%20R.%2C%20Adams%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Grant%2C%20E.%20H.%20C.%2C%20Pearl%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20Bettaso%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Barichivich%2C%20W.%20J.%2C%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20True%2C%20K.%2C%20Ware%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Corn%2C%20P.%20S.%20%282010%29.%20Low%20Prevalence%20of%20Chytrid%20Fungus%20%28Batrachochytrium%20dendrobatidis%29%20in%20Amphibians%20of%20US%20Headwater%20Streams.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Herpetology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E44%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20253%26%23x2013%3B260.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000278297700009%27%3E%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000278297700009%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Low%20Prevalence%20of%20Chytrid%20Fungus%20%28Batrachochytrium%20dendrobatidis%29%20in%20Amphibians%20of%20US%20Headwater%20Streams%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hossack%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20H.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bettaso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barichivich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22True%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ware%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Corn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%20Jun%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-1511%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000278297700009%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NXA9RLHZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cosentino%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECosentino%2C%20B.%20J.%2C%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%20%282009%29.%20Demography%20and%20movement%20of%20the%20northern%20spring%20salamander%20in%20four%20New%20Hampshire%20headwater%20streams.%20%3Ci%3EVerh.%20Internat.%20Verein.%20Limnol%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20677%26%23x2013%3B680.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Demography%20and%20movement%20of%20the%20northern%20spring%20salamander%20in%20four%20New%20Hampshire%20headwater%20streams%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cosentino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BDWYCMSP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%20%282009%29.%20Amphibia%20of%20aquatic%20ecosystems.%20In%20G.%20E.%20Likens%20%28Ed.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EEncyclopedia%20of%20Inland%20Waters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28HBR.2009-43%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22encyclopediaArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Amphibia%20of%20aquatic%20ecosystems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22encyclopediaTitle%22%3A%22Encyclopedia%20of%20Inland%20Waters%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X8HYFXVF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20McPeek%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cosentino%2C%20B.%20J.%20%282008%29.%20Linking%20movement%20behaviour%20to%20dispersal%20and%20divergence%20in%20plethodontid%20salamanders.%20%3Ci%3EMolecular%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%204459%26%23x2013%3B4469.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Linking%20movement%20behaviour%20to%20dispersal%20and%20divergence%20in%20plethodontid%20salamanders%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPeek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cosentino%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2244W7AIWG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Greene%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGreene%2C%20B.%20T.%2C%20Lowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%20%282008%29.%20Forest%20succession%20and%20prey%20availability%20influence%20the%20strength%20and%20scale%20of%20terrestrial-aquatic%20linkages%20in%20a%20headwater%20salamander%20system.%20%3Ci%3EFreshwater%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202234%26%23x2013%3B2243.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Forest%20succession%20and%20prey%20availability%20influence%20the%20strength%20and%20scale%20of%20terrestrial-aquatic%20linkages%20in%20a%20headwater%20salamander%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greene%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MZJTTU88%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Power%2C%20M.%20E.%20%282006%29.%20Linking%20scales%20in%20stream%20ecology.%20%3Ci%3EBioScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E56%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20591%26%23x2013%3B597.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Linking%20scales%20in%20stream%20ecology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Power%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YWGGIQXI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20McPeek%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Buso%2C%20D.%20C.%20%282006%29.%20Linking%20direct%20and%20indirect%20data%20on%20dispersal%3A%20Isolation%20by%20slope%20in%20a%20headwater%20stream%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EEcology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E87%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20334%26%23x2013%3B339.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Linking%20direct%20and%20indirect%20data%20on%20dispersal%3A%20Isolation%20by%20slope%20in%20a%20headwater%20stream%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPeek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Buso%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229GL72I2W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cosentino%2C%20B.%20J.%20%282006%29.%20Self-organisation%20in%20streams%3A%20the%20relationship%20between%20movement%20behaviour%20and%20body%20condition%20in%20a%20headwater%20salamander.%20%3Ci%3EFreshwater%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%202052%26%23x2013%3B2062.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Self-organisation%20in%20streams%3A%20the%20relationship%20between%20movement%20behaviour%20and%20body%20condition%20in%20a%20headwater%20salamander%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cosentino%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I46H3F6T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20Nislow%2C%20K.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%20%282005%29.%20Forest%20structure%20and%20stream%20salamander%20diets%3A%20implications%20for%20terrestrial-aquatic%20connectivity.%20%3Ci%3EVerh.%20Internat.%20Verein.%20Limnol%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20279%26%23x2013%3B286.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Forest%20structure%20and%20stream%20salamander%20diets%3A%20implications%20for%20terrestrial-aquatic%20connectivity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nislow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ULET4EG4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20and%20Likens%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20W.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Likens%2C%20G.%20E.%20%282005%29.%20Moving%20headwater%20streams%20to%20the%20head%20of%20the%20class.%20%3Ci%3EBioScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E55%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20100%26%23x2013%3B101.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Moving%20headwater%20streams%20to%20the%20head%20of%20the%20class%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Likens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A57%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Cochrane, M. M., Addis, B. R., Swartz, L. K., & Lowe, W. H. (2024). Individual growth rates and size at metamorphosis increase with watershed area in a stream salamander. Ecology, 105(2), e4217. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4217
Lowe, W. H., Addis, B. R., Cochrane, M. M., & Swartz, L. K. (2023). Source–sink dynamics within a complex life history. Ecology, 104(4), e3991. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3991
Addis, B. R., & Lowe, W. H. (2022). Environmentally associated variation in dispersal distance affects inbreeding risk in a stream salamander. The American Naturalist. https://doi.org/10.1086/721763
Bryant, A. R., Gabor, C. R., Swartz, L. K., Wagner, R., Cochrane, M. M., & Lowe, W. H. (2022). Differences in Corticosterone Release Rates of Larval Spring Salamanders (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) in Response to Native Fish Presence. Biology, 11(4), 484. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11040484
Cayuela, H., Lemaître, J.-F., Léna, J.-P., Ronget, V., Martínez-Solano, I., Muths, E., Pilliod, D. S., Schmidt, B. R., Sánchez-Montes, G., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, J., Pyke, G., Grossenbacher, K., Lenzi, O., Bosch, J., Beard, K. H., Woolbright, L. L., Lambert, B. A., Green, D. M., Jreidini, N., … Miller, D. A. W. (2022). Sex-related differences in aging rate are associated with sex chromosome system in amphibians. Evolution, 76(2), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14410
Bayer, M. O., & Lowe, W. H. (2021). Top-Down Effects of Salamanders on Macroinvertebrates in Fishless Headwater Streams. Herpetologica, 77(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1655/Herpetologica-D-20-00054.1
Lowe, W. H., Martin, T. E., Skelly, D. K., & Woods, H. A. (2021). Metamorphosis in an Era of Increasing Climate Variability. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 36(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.11.012
Bayer, M. O., Swartz, L. K., & Lowe, W. H. (2021). Predictors of Biofilm Biomass in Oligotrophic Headwater Streams. Northeastern Naturalist, 28(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1656/045.028.0103
Addis, B. R., & Lowe, W. H. (2020). Long-term survival probability, not current habitat quality, predicts dispersal distance in a stream salamander. Ecology, 101(4), e02982. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2982
Lowe, W. H., Swartz, L. K., Addis, B. R., & Likens, G. E. (2019). Hydrologic variability contributes to reduced survival through metamorphosis in a stream salamander. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(39), 19563–19570. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908057116
Rodenhouse, N. L., Lowe, W. H., Gebauer, R. L. E., McFarland, K. P., & Bank, M. S. (2019). Mercury bioaccumulation in temperate forest food webs associated with headwater streams. Science of The Total Environment, 665, 1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.151
Addis, B. R., Tobalske, B. W., Davenport, J. M., & Lowe, W. H. (2019). A distance–performance trade-off in the phenotypic basis of dispersal. Ecology and Evolution, 9(18), 10644–10653. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5583
Lowe, W. H., & Addis, B. R. (2019). Matching habitat choice and plasticity contribute to phenotype–environment covariation in a stream salamander. Ecology, 100(5), e02661. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2661
Lowe, W. H., Addis, B. R., Smith, M. R., & Davenport, J. M. (2018). The spatial structure of variation in salamander survival, body condition and morphology in a headwater stream network. Freshwater Biology, 63(10), 1287–1299. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13133
Davenport, J. M., & Lowe, W. H. (2016). Does dispersal influence the strength of intraspecific competition in a stream salamander? Journal of Zoology, 298(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12282
Davenport, J. M., & Lowe, W. H. (2015). Does dispersal influence the strength of intraspecific competition in a stream salamander? Journal of Zoology, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12282
McGuire, K. J., Torgersen, C. E., Likens, G. E., Buso, D. C., Lowe, W. H., & Bailey, S. W. (2014). Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(19), 7030–7035. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404820111
Lowe, W. H., McPeek, M. A., Likens, G. E., & Cosentino, B. J. (2012). Decoupling of genetic and phenotypic divergence in a headwater landscape. Molecular Ecology, 21(10), 2399–2409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05546.x
Lindenmayer, D. B., Likens, G. E., Andersen, A., Bowman, D., Bull, C. M., Burns, E., Dickman, C. R., Hoffmann, A. A., Keith, D. A., Liddell, M. J., Lowe, A. J., Metcalfe, D. J., Phinn, S. R., Russell-Smith, J., Thurgate, N., & Wardle, G. M. (2012). Value of long-term ecological studies. Austral Ecology, 37(7), 745–757. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02351.x
Hossack, B. R., Adams, M. J., Grant, E. H. C., Pearl, C. A., Bettaso, J. B., Barichivich, W. J., Lowe, W. H., True, K., Ware, J. L., & Corn, P. S. (2010). Low Prevalence of Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in Amphibians of US Headwater Streams. Journal of Herpetology, 44(2), 253–260. ://WOS:000278297700009
Cosentino, B. J., Lowe, W. H., & Likens, G. E. (2009). Demography and movement of the northern spring salamander in four New Hampshire headwater streams. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol, 30(5), 677–680.
Lowe, W. H. (2009). Amphibia of aquatic ecosystems. In G. E. Likens (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Inland Waters (HBR.2009-43).
Lowe, W. H., McPeek, M. A., Likens, G. E., & Cosentino, B. J. (2008). Linking movement behaviour to dispersal and divergence in plethodontid salamanders. Molecular Ecology, 17, 4459–4469.
Greene, B. T., Lowe, W. H., & Likens, G. E. (2008). Forest succession and prey availability influence the strength and scale of terrestrial-aquatic linkages in a headwater salamander system. Freshwater Biology, 53, 2234–2243.
Lowe, W. H., Likens, G. E., & Power, M. E. (2006). Linking scales in stream ecology. BioScience, 56(7), 591–597.
Lowe, W. H., Likens, G. E., McPeek, M. A., & Buso, D. C. (2006). Linking direct and indirect data on dispersal: Isolation by slope in a headwater stream salamander. Ecology, 87(2), 334–339.
Lowe, W. H., Likens, G. E., & Cosentino, B. J. (2006). Self-organisation in streams: the relationship between movement behaviour and body condition in a headwater salamander. Freshwater Biology, 51(11), 2052–2062.
Lowe, W. H., Nislow, K. H., & Likens, G. E. (2005). Forest structure and stream salamander diets: implications for terrestrial-aquatic connectivity. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol, 29(1), 279–286.
Lowe, W. H., & Likens, G. E. (2005). Moving headwater streams to the head of the class. BioScience, 55(3), 100–101.