Institution: Cornell University
Department: Lab of Ornithology
Ithaca, NY 14850
Department: Lab of Ornithology
Ithaca, NY 14850
Hubbard Brook Role: Investigator
Research Interests
My research program focuses on an integrative understanding of how the environment shapes the evolution of complex social behavior, especially reproductive strategies. I am particularly interested in the role of social behavior in population and evolutionary dynamics involving sexual selection, population differentiation, and adaptation to environmental change. Current collaborative projects at Hubbard Brook focus on behavioral and demographic responses of migratory birds to environmental change (warming springs, extended greening period) and the effects of changing food supplies on avian mating systems.
Hubbard Brook Publications by this Author
4549695
kaiser_s
1
apa
50
date
desc
401
https://hubbardbrook.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22YDMKXXKH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kaiser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-11-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Grabenstein%2C%20K.%20C.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282023%29.%20No%20evidence%20of%20sex%20ratio%20manipulation%20by%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20in%20response%20to%20food%20availability.%20%3Ci%3EBehavioral%20Ecology%20and%20Sociobiology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E77%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%20124.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00265-023-03401-y%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00265-023-03401-y%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22No%20evidence%20of%20sex%20ratio%20manipulation%20by%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20in%20response%20to%20food%20availability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kathryn%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grabenstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sex%20allocation%20theory%20predicts%20that%20females%20should%20bias%20their%20offspring%20sex%20ratios%20when%20the%20fitness%20benefits%20of%20producing%20sons%20or%20daughters%20differ%20depending%20on%20rearing%20environment.%20The%20Trivers-Willard%20hypothesis%20proposes%20that%20whether%20females%20produce%20more%20sons%20or%20daughters%20depends%20on%20food%20availability%20via%20both%20intrinsic%20maternal%20condition%20and%20differing%20reproductive%20potential%20%28typically%20from%20mating%20system%20structure%29%20for%20sons%20versus%20daughters.%20However%2C%20tests%20of%20its%20key%20predictions%20are%20often%20based%20on%20untested%2C%20implicit%20assumptions%20that%20are%20difficult%20to%20quantify%2C%20especially%20in%20migratory%20animals.%20In%20a%205-year%20study%2C%20we%20manipulated%20food%20availability%20in%20low-%20and%20high-elevation%20forest%20to%20test%20the%20Trivers-Willard%20hypothesis%20in%20the%20migratory%20black-throated%20blue%20warbler%20%28Setophaga%20caerulescens%29.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20population-wide%20offspring%20sex%20ratio%20was%20significantly%20male-biased%20%28population%20mean%3A%200.58%29%2C%20which%20was%20driven%20by%20an%20overproduction%20of%20sons%20in%20high-elevation%20forest%20%28high-quality%20habitat%20mean%3A%200.59%29.%20Yet%2C%20we%20found%20no%20effect%20of%20food%20availability%20on%20offspring%20sex%20ratio%20from%20either%20natural%20variation%20or%20supplemental%20feeding.%20Sex-specific%20developmental%20costs%20did%20not%20differ%20for%20sons%20and%20daughters%20reared%20under%20low%20and%20high%20food%20availability.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20female%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20do%20not%20manipulate%20offspring%20sex%20ratios%20in%20response%20to%20food%20availability%20and%20are%20not%20consistent%20with%20the%20predictions%20of%20the%20Trivers-Willard%20hypothesis.%20This%20study%20highlights%20challenges%20of%20examining%20mechanisms%20driving%20patterns%20in%20offspring%20sex%20allocation%20in%20migratory%20species%20for%20which%20both%20the%20costs%20of%20rearing%20and%20relative%20fitness%20benefits%20of%20sons%20and%20daughters%20cannot%20be%20tracked%20into%20adulthood.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-11-17%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00265-023-03401-y%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221432-0762%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00265-023-03401-y%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-12-04T15%3A42%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227CZVB4GI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Deitsch%20and%20Kaiser%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-03-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeitsch%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%20%282023%29.%20Artificial%20light%20at%20night%20increases%20top-down%20pressure%20on%20caterpillars%3A%20experimental%20evidence%20from%20a%20light-naive%20forest.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E290%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281994%29%2C%2020230153.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0153%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0153%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Artificial%20light%20at%20night%20increases%20top-down%20pressure%20on%20caterpillars%3A%20experimental%20evidence%20from%20a%20light-naive%20forest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deitsch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Artificial%20light%20at%20night%20%28ALAN%29%20is%20a%20globally%20widespread%20and%20expanding%20form%20of%20anthropogenic%20change%20that%20impacts%20arthropod%20biodiversity.%20ALAN%20alters%20interspecific%20interactions%20between%20arthropods%2C%20including%20predation%20and%20parasitism.%20Despite%20their%20ecological%20importance%20as%20prey%20and%20hosts%2C%20the%20impact%20of%20ALAN%20on%20larval%20arthropod%20stages%2C%20such%20as%20caterpillars%2C%20is%20poorly%20understood.%20We%20examined%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20ALAN%20increases%20top-down%20pressure%20on%20caterpillars%20from%20arthropod%20predators%20and%20parasitoids.%20We%20experimentally%20illuminated%20study%20plots%20with%20moderate%20levels%20%2810%5Cu201315%20lux%29%20of%20LED%20lighting%20at%20light-naive%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%2C%20New%20Hampshire.%20We%20measured%20and%20compared%20between%20experimental%20and%20control%20plots%3A%20%28i%29%20predation%20on%20clay%20caterpillars%2C%20and%20%28ii%29%20abundance%20of%20arthropod%20predators%20and%20parasitoids.%20We%20found%20that%20predation%20rates%20on%20clay%20caterpillars%20and%20abundance%20of%20arthropod%20predators%20and%20parasitoids%20were%20significantly%20higher%20on%20ALAN%20treatment%20plots%20relative%20to%20control%20plots.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20moderate%20levels%20of%20ALAN%20increase%20top-down%20pressure%20on%20caterpillars.%20We%20did%20not%20test%20mechanisms%2C%20but%20sampling%20data%20indicates%20that%20increased%20abundance%20of%20predators%20near%20lights%20may%20play%20a%20role.%20This%20study%20highlights%20the%20importance%20of%20examining%20the%20effects%20of%20ALAN%20on%20both%20adult%20and%20larval%20life%20stages%20and%20suggests%20potential%20consequences%20of%20ALAN%20on%20arthropod%20populations%20and%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-03-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0153%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2023.0153%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-10T15%3A15%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RXI4Y9AQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Germain%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-03-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGermain%2C%20R.%20R.%2C%20Hallworth%2C%20M.%20T.%2C%20Kaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282020%29.%20Variance%20in%20within-pair%20reproductive%20success%20drives%20the%20opportunity%20for%20sexual%20selection%20annually%20and%20over%20the%20lifetimes%20of%20males%20in%20a%20multi-brooded%20songbird.%20%3Ci%3EBioRxiv%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202020.03.03.974790.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1101%5C%2F2020.03.03.974790%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1101%5C%2F2020.03.03.974790%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Variance%20in%20within-pair%20reproductive%20success%20drives%20the%20opportunity%20for%20sexual%20selection%20annually%20and%20over%20the%20lifetimes%20of%20males%20in%20a%20multi-brooded%20songbird%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Germain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hallworth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%3Ch3%3EAbstract%3C%5C%2Fh3%3E%20%3Cp%3EIn%20pair-bonding%20species%2C%20male%20reproductive%20success%20consists%20of%20%5Cu2018within-pair%5Cu2019%20offspring%20produced%20with%20their%20socially-paired%20mate%28s%29%2C%20and%20%5Cu2018extra-pair%5Cu2019%20offspring%20produced%20with%20additional%20females%20throughout%20the%20population.%20Both%20reproductive%20pathways%20offer%20distinct%20opportunities%20for%20sexual%20selection%20to%20operate%20in%20wild%20populations%2C%20as%20each%20are%20composed%20of%20sub-components%20of%20mate%20attraction%2C%20female%20fecundity%2C%20and%20paternity%20allocation.%20Identifying%20key%20sources%20of%20variance%20and%20covariance%20among%20these%20components%20is%20a%20crucial%20step%20towards%20understanding%20the%20reproductive%20strategies%20that%20males%20use%20to%20maximize%20fitness%20both%20annually%20and%20over%20their%20lifetimes.%20We%20use%2016%20years%20of%20complete%20reproductive%20data%20from%20a%20population%20of%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20%28%3Ci%3ESetophaga%20caerulescens%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%29%20to%20decompose%20variance%20in%20male%20annual%20and%20lifetime%20reproductive%20success%20and%20thereby%20identify%20if%20the%20opportunity%20for%20sexual%20selection%20acts%20consistently%20over%20the%20lifetimes%20of%20individual%20males%20and%20what%20reproductive%20strategies%20likely%20favor%20maximum%20lifetime%20fitness.%20The%20majority%20of%20variance%20in%20male%20reproduction%20was%20attributable%20to%20within-pair%20sources%20of%20variance%2C%20but%20the%20specific%20effects%20of%20individual%20components%20of%20variance%20differed%20annually%20versus%20over%20the%20lifetimes%20of%20individual%20males.%20Positive%20lifetime%20covariance%20between%20within-pair%20and%20extra-pair%20success%20indicates%20that%20males%20able%20to%20maximize%20within-pair%20success%20likely%20achieve%20higher%20overall%20lifetime%20fitness%20via%20both%20the%20within-pair%20and%20extra-pair%20reproductive%20pathways.%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-03-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1101%5C%2F2020.03.03.974790%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.biorxiv.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F10.1101%5C%2F2020.03.03.974790v1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F2WU2LLA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Smith%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-06-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESmith%2C%20M.%20G.%2C%20Kaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282018%29.%20Variation%20in%20nest%20characteristics%20and%20brooding%20patterns%20of%20female%20Black-throated%20Blue%20Warblers%20is%20associated%20with%20thermal%20cues.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Auk%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E135%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20733%26%23x2013%3B747.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1642%5C%2FAUK-17-195.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1642%5C%2FAUK-17-195.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Variation%20in%20nest%20characteristics%20and%20brooding%20patterns%20of%20female%20Black-throated%20Blue%20Warblers%20is%20associated%20with%20thermal%20cues%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Thermal%20variation%20poses%20a%20problem%20for%20nesting%20birds%20and%20can%20result%20in%20reduced%20offspring%20growth%20rates%20and%20survival.%20To%20increase%20the%20thermal%20stability%20of%20the%20nest%2C%20females%20can%20adjust%20nest%20characteristics%20and%20nest%20attendance%20in%20response%20to%20changes%20in%20environmental%20conditions.%20However%2C%20it%20is%20unclear%20how%20and%20to%20what%20extent%20females%20modify%20parental%20behaviors%20during%20various%20stages%20of%20offspring%20development.%20We%20tested%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20females%20adjust%20nest%20characteristics%20and%20brooding%20patterns%20in%20response%20to%20thermal%20variation%20during%20the%20nest-building%20and%20nestling%20stages%2C%20respectively.%20We%20examined%20elevational%20variation%20in%20nest%20location%2C%20nest%20construction%2C%20and%20brooding%20patterns%20in%20the%20migratory%20Black-throated%20Blue%20Warbler%20%28Setophaga%20caerulescens%29%20across%20a%202%5Cu00b0C%20gradient%20at%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA.%20Density%20of%20woody%20stems%20at%20nest%20sites%20and%20nest%20wall%20thickness%20increased%20from%20low%20to%20high%20elevation%2C%20corresponding%20to%20decreasing%20temperatures%2C%20but%20we%20found%20no%20relationship%20between%20weather%20during%20nest%20building%20and%20nest%20characteristics.%20However%2C%20weather%20during%20the%20nestling%20stage%20was%20associated%20with%20female%20brooding%20patterns%3A%20at%20lower%20temperatures%20and%20with%20higher%20rainfall%2C%20females%20spent%20more%20time%20off%20the%20nest%2C%20which%20was%20associated%20with%20lower%20nestling%20mass%20near%20fledging.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20thermal%20cues%20during%20nest%20building%20may%20be%20unreliable%20as%20predictors%20of%20future%20conditions%20for%20developing%20nestlings%20and%20also%20that%20females%20might%20favor%20their%20own%20self-maintenance%20and%20compromise%20nestling%20growth%20under%20adverse%20thermal%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%206%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1642%5C%2FAUK-17-195.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220004-8038%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bioone.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1642%5C%2FAUK-17-195.1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224E9GPFBR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cramer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECramer%2C%20E.%20R.%20A.%2C%20Kaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20s.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ryder%2C%20T.%20b.%20%282017%29.%20Characterizing%20selection%20in%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20using%20a%20sexual%20network%20approach.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Evolutionary%20Biology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%202177%26%23x2013%3B2188.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjeb.13183%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjeb.13183%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characterizing%20selection%20in%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20using%20a%20sexual%20network%20approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20R.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cramer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.s.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.b.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryder%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Our%20understanding%20of%20trait%20evolution%20is%20built%20upon%20studies%20that%20examine%20the%20correlation%20between%20traits%20and%20fitness%2C%20most%20of%20which%20implicitly%20assume%20all%20individuals%20experience%20similar%20selective%20environments.%20However%2C%20accounting%20for%20differences%20in%20selective%20pressures%2C%20such%20as%20variation%20in%20the%20social%20environment%2C%20can%20advance%20our%20understanding%20of%20how%20selection%20shapes%20individual%20traits%20and%20subsequent%20fitness.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20test%20whether%20variation%20in%20the%20social%20environment%20affects%20selection%20on%20individual%20phenotype.%20We%20apply%20a%20new%20sexual%20network%20framework%20to%20quantify%20each%20male%27s%20social%20environment%20as%20the%20mean%20body%20size%20of%20his%20primary%20competitors.%20We%20test%20for%20direct%20and%20social%20selection%20on%20male%20body%20size%20using%20a%2010-year%20data%20set%20on%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20%28Setophaga%20caerulescens%29%2C%20a%20territorial%20species%20for%20which%20body%20size%20is%20hypothesized%20to%20mediate%20competition%20for%20mates.%20We%20found%20that%20direct%20selection%20on%20body%20size%20was%20weak%20and%20nonsignificant%2C%20as%20was%20social%20selection%20via%20the%20body%20size%20of%20the%20males%27%20competitors.%20Analysing%20both%20types%20of%20selection%20simultaneously%20allows%20us%20to%20firmly%20reject%20a%20role%20for%20body%20size%20in%20competitive%20interactions%20between%20males%20and%20subsequent%20male%20fitness%20in%20this%20population.%20We%20evaluate%20the%20application%20of%20the%20sexual%20network%20approach%20to%20empirical%20data%20and%20suggest%20that%20other%20phenotypic%20traits%20such%20as%20song%20characteristics%20and%20plumage%20may%20be%20more%20relevant%20than%20body%20size%20for%20male%5Cu2013male%20competition%20in%20this%20small%20passerine%20bird.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%201%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fjeb.13183%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221420-9101%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fjeb.13183%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HN2CJKY4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kaiser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Taylor%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Chen%2C%20N.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20Bondra%2C%20E.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20A%20comparative%20assessment%20of%20SNP%20and%20microsatellite%20markers%20for%20assigning%20parentage%20in%20a%20socially%20monogamous%20bird.%20%3Ci%3EMolecular%20Ecology%20Resources%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E17%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20183%26%23x2013%3B193.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1755-0998.12589%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1755-0998.12589%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20comparative%20assessment%20of%20SNP%20and%20microsatellite%20markers%20for%20assigning%20parentage%20in%20a%20socially%20monogamous%20bird%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taylor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eliana%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bondra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Single-nucleotide%20polymorphisms%20%28SNPs%29%20are%20preferred%20over%20microsatellite%20markers%20in%20many%20evolutionary%20studies%2C%20but%20have%20only%20recently%20been%20applied%20to%20studies%20of%20parentage.%20Evaluations%20of%20SNPs%20and%20microsatellites%20for%20assigning%20parentage%20have%20mostly%20focused%20on%20special%20cases%20that%20require%20a%20relatively%20large%20number%20of%20heterozygous%20loci%2C%20such%20as%20species%20with%20low%20genetic%20diversity%20or%20with%20complex%20social%20structures.%20We%20developed%20120%20SNP%20markers%20from%20a%20transcriptome%20assembled%20using%20RNA-sequencing%20of%20a%20songbird%20with%20the%20most%20common%20avian%20mating%20system%5Cu2014social%20monogamy.%20We%20compared%20the%20effectiveness%20of%2097%20novel%20SNPs%20and%20six%20previously%20described%20microsatellites%20for%20assigning%20paternity%20in%20the%20black-throated%20blue%20warbler%2C%20Setophaga%20caerulescens.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20full%20panel%20of%2097%20SNPs%20%28mean%20Ho%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.19%29%20was%20as%20powerful%20for%20assigning%20paternity%20as%20the%20panel%20of%20multiallelic%20microsatellites%20%28mean%20Ho%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.86%29.%20Paternity%20assignments%20using%20the%20two%20marker%20types%20were%20in%20agreement%20for%2092%25%20of%20the%20offspring.%20Filtering%20individual%20samples%20by%20a%2050%25%20call%20rate%20and%20SNPs%20by%20a%2075%25%20call%20rate%20maximized%20the%20number%20of%20offspring%20assigned%20with%2095%25%20confidence%20using%20SNPs.%20We%20also%20found%20that%20the%2040%20most%20heterozygous%20SNPs%20%28mean%20Ho%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.37%29%20had%20similar%20power%20to%20assign%20paternity%20as%20the%20full%20panel%20of%2097%20SNPs.%20These%20findings%20demonstrate%20that%20a%20relatively%20small%20number%20of%20variable%20SNPs%20can%20be%20effective%20for%20parentage%20analyses%20in%20a%20socially%20monogamous%20species.%20We%20suggest%20that%20the%20development%20of%20SNP%20markers%20is%20advantageous%20for%20studies%20that%20require%20high-throughput%20genotyping%20or%20that%20plan%20to%20address%20a%20range%20of%20ecological%20and%20evolutionary%20questions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%201%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1755-0998.12589%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221755-0998%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1755-0998.12589%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TW3G8UJK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kaiser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-02-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Risk%2C%20B.%20B.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282017%29.%20Ecological%20and%20Social%20Factors%20Constrain%20Spatial%20and%20Temporal%20Opportunities%20for%20Mating%20in%20a%20Migratory%20Songbird.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20American%20Naturalist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E189%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20283%26%23x2013%3B296.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F690203%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F690203%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ecological%20and%20Social%20Factors%20Constrain%20Spatial%20and%20Temporal%20Opportunities%20for%20Mating%20in%20a%20Migratory%20Songbird%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Many%20studies%20of%20sexual%20selection%20assume%20that%20individuals%20have%20equal%20mating%20opportunities%20and%20that%20differences%20in%20mating%20success%20result%20from%20variation%20in%20sexual%20traits.%20However%2C%20the%20inability%20of%20sexual%20traits%20to%20explain%20variation%20in%20male%20mating%20success%20suggests%20that%20other%20factors%20moderate%20the%20strength%20of%20sexual%20selection.%20Extrapair%20paternity%20is%20common%20in%20vertebrates%20and%20can%20contribute%20to%20variation%20in%20mating%20success%20and%20thus%20serves%20as%20a%20model%20for%20understanding%20the%20operation%20of%20sexual%20selection.%20We%20developed%20a%20spatially%20explicit%2C%20multifactor%20model%20of%20all%20possible%20female-male%20pairings%20to%20test%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20ecological%20%28food%20availability%29%20and%20social%20%28breeding%20density%2C%20breeding%20distance%2C%20and%20the%20social%20mate%5Cu2019s%20nest%20stage%29%20factors%20influence%20an%20individual%5Cu2019s%20opportunity%20for%20extrapair%20paternity%20in%20a%20socially%20monogamous%20bird%2C%20the%20black-throated%20blue%20warbler%2C%20Setophaga%20caerulescens.%20A%20male%5Cu2019s%20probability%20of%20siring%20extrapair%20young%20decreased%20with%20increasing%20distance%20to%20females%2C%20breeding%20density%2C%20and%20food%20availability.%20Males%20on%20food-poor%20territories%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20sire%20extrapair%20young%2C%20and%20these%20offspring%20were%20produced%20farther%20from%20the%20male%5Cu2019s%20territory%20relative%20to%20males%20on%20food-abundant%20territories.%20Moreover%2C%20males%20sired%20extrapair%20young%20mostly%20during%20their%20social%20mates%5Cu2019%20incubation%20stage%2C%20especially%20males%20on%20food-abundant%20territories.%20This%20study%20demonstrates%20how%20ecological%20and%20social%20conditions%20constrain%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20opportunities%20for%20extrapair%20paternity%20that%20affect%20variation%20in%20mating%20success%20and%20the%20strength%20of%20sexual%20selection%20in%20socially%20monogamous%20species.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%201%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1086%5C%2F690203%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-0147%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F690203%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I9K969CB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kaiser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-03-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20Risk%2C%20B.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282015%29.%20Experimental%20food%20supplementation%20reveals%20habitat-dependent%20male%20reproductive%20investment%20in%20a%20migratory%20bird.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20of%20London%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E282%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281803%29%2C%2020142523.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2014.2523%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frspb.2014.2523%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Experimental%20food%20supplementation%20reveals%20habitat-dependent%20male%20reproductive%20investment%20in%20a%20migratory%20bird%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Risk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Environmental%20factors%20can%20shape%20reproductive%20investment%20strategies%20and%20influence%20the%20variance%20in%20male%20mating%20success.%20Environmental%20effects%20on%20extrapair%20paternity%20have%20traditionally%20been%20ascribed%20to%20aspects%20of%20the%20social%20environment%2C%20such%20as%20breeding%20density%20and%20synchrony.%20However%2C%20social%20factors%20are%20often%20confounded%20with%20habitat%20quality%20and%20are%20challenging%20to%20disentangle.%20We%20used%20both%20natural%20variation%20in%20habitat%20quality%20and%20a%20food%20supplementation%20experiment%20to%20separate%20the%20effects%20of%20food%20availability%5Cu2014one%20key%20aspect%20of%20habitat%20quality%5Cu2014on%20extrapair%20paternity%20%28EPP%29%20and%20reproductive%20success%20in%20the%20black-throated%20blue%20warbler%2C%20Setophaga%20caerulescens.%20High%20natural%20food%20availability%20was%20associated%20with%20higher%20within-pair%20paternity%20%28WPP%29%20and%20fledging%20two%20broods%20late%20in%20the%20breeding%20season%2C%20but%20lower%20EPP.%20Food-supplemented%20males%20had%20higher%20WPP%20leading%20to%20higher%20reproductive%20success%20relative%20to%20controls%2C%20and%20when%20in%20low-quality%20habitat%2C%20food-supplemented%20males%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20fledge%20two%20broods%20but%20less%20likely%20to%20gain%20EPP.%20Our%20results%20demonstrate%20that%20food%20availability%20affects%20trade-offs%20in%20reproductive%20activities.%20When%20food%20constraints%20are%20reduced%2C%20males%20invest%20in%20WPP%20at%20the%20expense%20of%20EPP.%20These%20findings%20imply%20that%20environmental%20change%20could%20alter%20how%20individuals%20allocate%20their%20resources%20and%20affect%20the%20selective%20environment%20that%20drives%20variation%20in%20male%20mating%20success.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F03%5C%2F22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frspb.2014.2523%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220962-8452%2C%201471-2954%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frspb.royalsocietypublishing.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F282%5C%2F1803%5C%2F20142523%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223R8UD2MG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kaiser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%20%282014%29.%20Phenotypic%20plasticity%20in%20hormonal%20and%20behavioural%20responses%20to%20changes%20in%20resource%20conditions%20in%20a%20migratory%20songbird.%20%3Ci%3EAnimal%20Behaviour%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E96%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2019%26%23x2013%3B29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.anbehav.2014.07.004%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.anbehav.2014.07.004%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Phenotypic%20plasticity%20in%20hormonal%20and%20behavioural%20responses%20to%20changes%20in%20resource%20conditions%20in%20a%20migratory%20songbird%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20emerging%20question%20in%20animal%20behaviour%20is%20whether%20and%20how%20behavioural%20plasticity%20will%20enable%20organisms%20to%20adjust%20to%20human-induced%2C%20rapid%20environmental%20changes%20that%20affect%20breeding%20conditions.%20Adaptive%20behavioural%20plasticity%20in%20response%20to%20changing%20resource%20conditions%20will%20depend%20on%20the%20sensitivity%20of%20the%20neuroendocrine%20system%20to%20food%20stimuli%20and%20on%20constraints%20in%20the%20mechanisms%20mediating%20the%20expression%20of%20reproductive%20behaviours.%20We%20tested%20the%20hypotheses%20that%20food%20availability%20mediates%20plasticity%20in%20androgen%20and%20corticosterone%20%28CORT%29%20responses%2C%20and%20that%20circulating%20concentrations%20of%20these%20hormones%20in%20turn%20mediate%20investment%20into%20competing%20mating%20and%20parental%20behaviours%20in%20a%20migratory%20songbird.%20We%20provided%20supplemental%20food%20to%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%2C%20Setophaga%20caerulescens%2C%20breeding%20in%20habitats%20with%20natural%20low%20and%20high%20food%20abundance.%20The%20effects%20of%20supplemental%20feeding%20were%20most%20pronounced%20in%20food-poor%20habitat.%20During%20their%20social%20mates%27%20fertile%20stage%2C%20fed%20males%20sang%20less%20near%20their%20nest%20sites%2C%20had%20lower%20plasma%20androgen%20and%20CORT%20levels%2C%20and%20had%20higher%20residual%20mass%20than%20control%20males.%20Fed%20males%20benefited%20indirectly%20from%20their%20mates%27%20access%20to%20supplemental%20food%20because%20fed%20females%20provided%20more%20parental%20effort%20than%20control%20females.%20Fed%20males%20did%20not%20increase%20their%20own%20parental%20effort.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20fed%20males%20increased%20mate-guarding%20effort%20over%20extrapair%20mate%20attraction%20while%20their%20social%20mates%20were%20fertile%20and%20invested%20additional%20resources%20into%20territorial%20defence%20or%20self-maintenance%20during%20the%20parental%20stage.%20These%20findings%20reveal%20plastic%20patterns%20of%20covariation%20among%20endocrine%20parameters%20and%20mating%20behaviours%2C%20but%20not%20parental%20behaviours%2C%20in%20response%20to%20food%20supplementation.%20These%20responses%20enabled%20individuals%20to%20adjust%20their%20reproductive%20effort%20rapidly%20to%20changes%20in%20resource%20conditions.%20Our%20findings%20suggest%20that%20adaptive%20reproductive%20investment%20in%20response%20to%20environmental%20change%20is%20unlikely%20to%20be%20constrained%20by%20the%20hormonal%20mechanisms%20underlying%20the%20mediation%20of%20competing%20mating%20and%20parental%20behaviours.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22October%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.anbehav.2014.07.004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-3472%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS000334721400270X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YRD966M2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Townsend%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-04-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETownsend%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Sillett%2C%20T.%20S.%2C%20Lany%2C%20N.%20K.%2C%20Kaiser%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Rodenhouse%2C%20N.%20L.%2C%20Webster%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Holmes%2C%20R.%20T.%20%282013%29.%20Warm%20Springs%2C%20Early%20Lay%20Dates%2C%20and%20Double%20Brooding%20in%20a%20North%20American%20Migratory%20Songbird%2C%20the%20Black-Throated%20Blue%20Warbler.%20%3Ci%3EPLoS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e59467.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0059467%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0059467%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Warm%20Springs%2C%20Early%20Lay%20Dates%2C%20and%20Double%20Brooding%20in%20a%20North%20American%20Migratory%20Songbird%2C%20the%20Black-Throated%20Blue%20Warbler%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Townsend%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sillett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nina%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lany%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodenhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webster%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holmes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Numerous%20studies%20have%20correlated%20the%20advancement%20of%20lay%20date%20in%20birds%20with%20warming%20climate%20trends%2C%20yet%20the%20fitness%20effects%20associated%20with%20this%20phenological%20response%20have%20been%20examined%20in%20only%20a%20small%20number%20of%20species.%20Most%20of%20these%20species%5Cu2013primarily%20insectivorous%20cavity%20nesters%20in%20Europe%5Cu2013exhibit%20fitness%20declines%20associated%20with%20increasing%20asynchrony%20with%20prey.%20Here%2C%20we%20use%2025%20years%20of%20demographic%20data%2C%20collected%20from%201986%20to%202010%2C%20to%20examine%20the%20effects%20of%20spring%20temperature%20on%20breeding%20initiation%20date%2C%20double%20brooding%2C%20and%20annual%20fecundity%20in%20a%20Nearctic%20-%20Neotropical%20migratory%20songbird%2C%20the%20black-throated%20blue%20warbler%20%28Setophaga%20caerulescens%29.%20Data%20were%20collected%20from%20birds%20breeding%20at%20the%20Hubbard%20Brook%20Experimental%20Forest%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20USA%2C%20where%20long-term%20trends%20toward%20warmer%20springs%20have%20been%20recorded.%20We%20found%20that%20black-throated%20blue%20warblers%20initiated%20breeding%20earlier%20in%20warmer%20springs%2C%20that%20early%20breeders%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20attempt%20a%20second%20brood%20than%20those%20starting%20later%20in%20the%20season%2C%20and%20that%20double%20brooding%20and%20lay%20date%20were%20linked%20to%20higher%20annual%20fecundity.%20Accordingly%2C%20we%20found%20selection%20favored%20earlier%20breeding%20in%20most%20years.%20However%2C%20in%20contrast%20to%20studies%20of%20several%20other%20long-distance%20migratory%20species%20in%20Europe%2C%20this%20selection%20pressure%20was%20not%20stronger%20in%20warmer%20springs%2C%20indicating%20that%20these%20warblers%20were%20able%20to%20adjust%20mean%20lay%20date%20appropriately%20to%20substantial%20inter-annual%20variation%20in%20spring%20temperature.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20this%20North%20American%20migratory%20songbird%20might%20not%20experience%20the%20same%20fecundity%20declines%20as%20songbirds%20that%20are%20unable%20to%20adjust%20their%20timing%20of%20breeding%20in%20pace%20with%20spring%20temperatures.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%202%2C%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0059467%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0059467%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A47%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2293ERKQNY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4549695%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKaiser%2C%20S.%20%282013%29.%20%3Ci%3EReproductive%20trade-offs%20and%20environmental%20constraints%20in%20a%20migratory%20songbird%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28HBR.2013-46%29%20%5BPhD%20Thesis%5D.%20Cornell%20University.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22thesis%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reproductive%20trade-offs%20and%20environmental%20constraints%20in%20a%20migratory%20songbird%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaiser%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22thesisType%22%3A%22PhD%20Thesis%22%2C%22university%22%3A%22Cornell%20University%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J9HXJ926%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-09T19%3A33%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Kaiser, S. A., Grabenstein, K. C., Sillett, T. S., & Webster, M. S. (2023). No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 77(11), 124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-023-03401-y
Deitsch, J. F., & Kaiser, S. A. (2023). Artificial light at night increases top-down pressure on caterpillars: experimental evidence from a light-naive forest. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 290(1994), 20230153. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0153
Germain, R. R., Hallworth, M. T., Kaiser, S. A., Sillett, T. S., & Webster, M. S. (2020). Variance in within-pair reproductive success drives the opportunity for sexual selection annually and over the lifetimes of males in a multi-brooded songbird. BioRxiv, 2020.03.03.974790. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.974790
Smith, M. G., Kaiser, S. A., Sillett, T. S., & Webster, M. S. (2018). Variation in nest characteristics and brooding patterns of female Black-throated Blue Warblers is associated with thermal cues. The Auk, 135(3), 733–747. https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-17-195.1
Cramer, E. R. A., Kaiser, S. A., Webster, M. S., Sillett, T. s., & Ryder, T. b. (2017). Characterizing selection in black-throated blue warblers using a sexual network approach. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 30(12), 2177–2188. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13183
Kaiser, S. A., Taylor, S. A., Chen, N., Sillett, T. S., Bondra, E. R., & Webster, M. S. (2017). A comparative assessment of SNP and microsatellite markers for assigning parentage in a socially monogamous bird. Molecular Ecology Resources, 17(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12589
Kaiser, S. A., Risk, B. B., Sillett, T. S., & Webster, M. S. (2017). Ecological and Social Factors Constrain Spatial and Temporal Opportunities for Mating in a Migratory Songbird. The American Naturalist, 189(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1086/690203
Kaiser, S. A., Sillett, T. S., Risk, B. B., & Webster, M. S. (2015). Experimental food supplementation reveals habitat-dependent male reproductive investment in a migratory bird. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 282(1803), 20142523. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2523
Kaiser, S. A., Sillett, T. S., & Webster, M. S. (2014). Phenotypic plasticity in hormonal and behavioural responses to changes in resource conditions in a migratory songbird. Animal Behaviour, 96, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.004
Townsend, A. K., Sillett, T. S., Lany, N. K., Kaiser, S. A., Rodenhouse, N. L., Webster, M. S., & Holmes, R. T. (2013). Warm Springs, Early Lay Dates, and Double Brooding in a North American Migratory Songbird, the Black-Throated Blue Warbler. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e59467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059467
Kaiser, S. (2013). Reproductive trade-offs and environmental constraints in a migratory songbird (HBR.2013-46) [PhD Thesis]. Cornell University.